After learning the topics of this subject such as the psycholinguistics concept, human communication, the cognitive basis of language, the development of semantics and syntactics, the biological basis of language that involves language and brain, language disorders, and word meaning in the structure of sentence, you will do this following test to measure how far is your understanding on those topics. please open this link, fill the attendances of the test, and answer the questions there for 100 minutes. Then, you collect them in the comment column in this blog. Don't forget to write your name, students' number identity, and your class while doing the test. if you are still confused about this instruction, you could contact me in WA group.
Lida Maulida
ReplyDelete181230170
TBI 6E
Answer
1. Yes, it does. There would be no language without the brain. A few areas of the human brain are dedicated to language processing and development. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
-Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words.
-Wernicke’s area, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
-The primary auditory cortex, it is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
-The angular gyrus, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2. Advantages: 1) Developing and improving some task for student based on student language acquisition.
2) Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
3) Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching.
3. Aphasia is any language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma. Or an inability to speak. It is the failure or impairment of language use and comprehension as a result of a brain injury or dysfunction. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4. In my opinion Bilingualism is good because if someone is categorized as bilingualism it means they have the ability to speak two languages.
Does culture impact on it? Sure, it does an impact, it because Bilinguals come from diverse environments influenced by various factors that include family and cultural values.
5. Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Are they influenced by
the people’s ages? Yes, they influenced by ages, as the syntactic development and semantic development will increases as a child gets older.
Melani Agustini
ReplyDelete181230168
TBI VI E
1. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning
3. Aphasia is similar to dyslexia. The same communication disorders are caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening.
4. Thus, language fluency in bilinguals is associated with assimilation of their two cultures, and the social status of first and second languages. Or how emotions change when using two languages and how those emotions are an expression of their two internalized cultures.
5. syntactic development of children through counting the proportionally increases with age, which is common at the given stage. Influences on language acquisition.
Siti Nuraini 181230171
ReplyDeleteTBI 6E
1. Yes, because Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. Furthermore, the visual cortex receives in written form and is then transmitted through a gulusan graft to Wernicke's area and is associated with the auditory image.
2. psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3.3. Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage.
While, Dyslexia is a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding). Also called reading disability, dyslexia affects areas of the brain that process language.
4. Bilingual is a person's ability that use two languages. The first language comes from the mother or the langauge that teach to them when was born. while the second language is another language that is learned after the first language.
I think culture might be a factor that someone Can be a bilingual.
5. Yes, the age is very influence the growth of the language. For example in children Ages.Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child’s sentence, and gradual acqusition of words and the meanings they carry (first word they learn)It is a slow but a gradual process in which a child, perhaps, learns a couple of words a weekSome social words like bye-bye, hello, etc. are initially learned. -Words learning speeds up dramatically after several months when first words are produced.
Fitri Hoyrun Nisa
ReplyDelete181230178
TBI 6E
1. Yes, because the brain functions to store memories and absorb what is being learned. In the context of language, the brain works to store sentence structure, vocabulary, and important formulas. Furthermore, it is processed and understood in every language learning.
2. a) Knowing the characteristics of students to be taught
b) Knowing the students' abilities.
3. Aphasias is different from dyslexia. Aphasias is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate. It can occur suddenly after a stroke or head injury, or it can appear slowly from a growing brain tumor or disease.
Adverse dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties. Dyslexia occurs in children with normal vision and intellect.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. Culture certainly really influences. Because, if he is already able to speak two languages but the environment / culture is not supportive, it could be that one of the languages is lost because it is often not used (becomes not fluent)
5. Syntax studies grammatical relationships outside of words, in units called sentences, while semantics is learning about meaning.
This is very much influenced by age, because when they were children, they did not know what the sentence structure was or what it meant. Sometimes, children are only able to say without knowing what it means. For this reason, the relationship between the two is very much influenced by ages.
ReplyDeleteNaseef Efriza Al Hazimi
181230143
TBI 6 D
1. Of course, the part of the brain that is very important in language, how it works is like an outline of the intelligence we know in learning dialects and the Yotu brain intelligence framework. The Intellect Outline prepares the synergy of using a clear brain and the correct brain to help each other, using creative abilities and interconnected affiliations, in this preparation including intelligence to organize, get things done and act, dialect as a tool. and images to represent and actualize considerations for applying what is described in the Intellect Outline. Intellect can be one item of the method of thinking and dialect both to get a certain concept or dialect and consideration which is then used to lead to activities.
2. 1. A teacher understands the process that occurs in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, rakes can see it from a psychological point of view as an alternative solution.
2. Able to use language fluently and
communicative students not only adequately understand linguistic rules, but are required to be cognitive readiness (mastery of language rules and material to be conveyed), affective (calm, confident, confident, able to eliminate anxiety, doubt, anxiety, and so on), and psychomotor ( fluent pronunciation, skill in choosing words, phrases, clauses and sentences.
3. Aphasia is any dialect disorder caused by brain damage caused by an injured disease. Or failure to speak. This is disillusionment or inability to use and understand dialects as a result of brain damage or damage. When it affects a spoken dialect it is therapeutically described as aphasia, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4. billingual is the use of two languages in society.
a good impact will appear on the use of these two languages, because we will understand the area we will live in, for example in Javanese and we can speak the language, so there is no problem. it would be more acceptable than not to use their language
5. Syntax advancement is the way children learn these rules. Syntax enhancement is measured using the MLU, or length of violent articulation, which is basically the normal length of a child sentence; And the enhancement of Semantics is securing the words, their implications, and the combination between them. Are they influenced by the age of the people? Yes, they are affected by age, because syntactic progress and semantic progress will increase as a child becomes more experienced.
suci putri pertiwi
ReplyDelete181230128
TBI 6 D
1. Yes. the brain plays an important role in the language process. The language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process. 2. - Psycholinguistics brings together theoretical to empirical tools both psychology and linguistics to study the mental processes that underlie the acquisition and use of language. - Psycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary science with the aim of creating a coherent theory of how a language is produced and understood. So it can be concluded that what is called psycholinguistics is closely related to the language process. 3. aphasias: Their brain memory is impaired. People who suffer from this disease will have difficulty expressing thoughts and have difficulty understanding and finding words when communicating. while dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects the ability to read, spell, write and speak. Children with dyslexia have difficulty connecting the letters they see with the sounds they hear into a sentence. 4. Bilingualism is commonplace and is increasingly being found all over the world. so while he can speak properly and correctly that's fine 5. Yes. their development is influenced by age.
Hafizh Prasetyo Wibowo (181230149)
ReplyDeleteTBI-6D
1). Yes, because the brain functions to store memories and absorb what is being learned. In the context of language, the brain functions to store sentence structure, vocabulary, and important formulas. Furthermore, it is processed and understood in every language learning.
2). a) Knowing the characteristics of students to be taught
b) Knowing the students' abilities.
3). Aphasia is similar to dyslexia. The same communication disorders are caused by brain damage. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening.
4). Bilingual is the ability of a person who uses two languages. The first language comes from the mother or the language that was taught to them at birth. while the second language is another language that is learned after the first language. I think culture might be a factor in being bilingual.
5). The syntactic development of children through counting increases proportionally with age, which is common at certain stages. Influence on language acquisition.
Nama: Dede Rapli
ReplyDeleteNim: 181230177
Kelas: TBI 6-E
1. of course, because the brain has an important role in the language process, because the brain responds to body language which will then be channeled into expressions or communication. if the brain experiences a disturbance or has an accident, which results in disruption of the brain's working system, the language system will also be disrupted. for example, people experiencing mental health, stuttering, and so on.
2. the advantages or benefits that can be felt after we study psycholinguistics is, we can understand the language of other people, and can understand the characters of others. especially in foreign languages, we can increase our confidence in communicating and can more easily understand languages, especially foreign languages.
3. A person can experience aphasia if he has an accident or impact that can interfere with the working system of the brain, aphasia is not the same as dyslexia, because aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate.
Meanwhile, dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties.
4. bilingual is a person's ability to speak in more than one language, this ability is used to communicate between regional and national languages clearly and understandably. Cultural factors can affect the development of a person's ability in bilingualism, because language is a part of culture and culture is a part of life.
5. The relationship between syntax and semantics is so that a sentence or expression can be arranged properly, clearly and correctly, so that it can be understood by the interlocutor. but age can affect the sentence to be expressed, because when our opponent is older, the sentence we express must be kind and polite.
NAME : RAHMANIA AULIA/CLASS: TBI 6 D/ NIM : 181230136
ReplyDelete1. Yes it does. Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe of the brain, is linked to speech production, and recent studies have shown that it also plays a significant role in language comprehension. Broca's area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. Listening, reading, speaking and writing are called as the four of language skills. Specifically, psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning. It helps to study the psychological factors that are possibly involved in languages learning. Psycholinguistics focuses on the application of the actual language and communication. . It is necessary to make a decision in applying various methods that allow students to easily understand a language.
3. Someone that have aphasias is loss language not intelligence due to damage to the brain usually from a stroke or brain injury and people with broca’s aphasia have trouble speaking fluently but their comprehension can be relatively preserved. once the cause has been addressed, the main treatment for aphasia is speech and language therapy. The person with aphasia relearns and practices language skills and learns to use other ways to communicate. Different with dylexsia because its difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding). Also called reading disability, dyslexia affects areas of the brain that process language
4. I my point of view bilingual benefit for Increase brain power awareness of other cultures. Being bilingual exposes an individual to diverse customs, ideas, and perspectives from different cultures. Of course, you can still learn about other cultures without knowing a second language, but language learning really allows for a more immersive experience. Thus, language fluency in bilinguals is associated with assimilation of their two cultures, and the social status of first and second languages.
5. Semantics is the one that can explain everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax. Yes its influenced by child get older
SITI ANUGRAH MUHAROMAH
ReplyDelete181230010
TBI 6A
1. Yes. Studies show that learning a language increases the volume and density of gray matter, the volume of white matter, and brain connectivity. In older language learners, some studies show cognitive benefits beyond languages, such as for working memory.The Broca area is in the frontal lobe of the brain and is responsible for language processing. ... Through extensive research, neuroscientist say that the Broca area is able to understand language through memories, meanings, and emotions. It is a complex process
2. Listening, reading, speaking and writing are called as the four of language skills.
1. Specifically, psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
2. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Same. Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. Dyslexia is a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding). Also called reading disability, dyslexia affects areas of the brain that process language.
4. bilingualism is the ability to use two languages. ... A person may be bilingual by virtue of having grown up learning and using two languages simultaneously (simultaneous bilingualism). Or they may become bilingual by learning a second language sometime after their first language. Because, Thus, language fluency in bilinguals is associated with assimilation of their two cultures, and the social status of first and second languages. ... Or how emotions change when using two languages and how those emotions are an expression of their two internalized cultures.
5. Yes, Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax. syntactic development and semantic development proportionally increases with age, which is common at the given stage.
NURUL ARINI (181230167)
ReplyDeleteTBI 6E
1. The subject of how the human brain produces and processes language is studied in neurolinguistics as a development of psycholinguistics. In this which need to be raised is not the difference in the influence of the right brain and left brain on behavior humans, but how anatomically the right and left hemispheres work together in processing linguistic information. This is the main function of the corpus callosum which is the connecting panel on both sides of the hemisphere (Schovel, 2004).
2. In practical terms, that benefit linked to the Indonesian language learning curriculum in 1994.
1. Theory of Understanding: according to this approach, the meaning is not "emanating" from the text, but -I'given " by the listener / reader in accordance with the schemata they have (Hamied, 1995). In practice, the two approaches can be used simultaneously.
2. Selective Listening Theory: A phenomenon which is a special exploration of theory speech perception is the cocktail party phenomenon this theory envisioned someone speaking to others in situations party. which was very busy, it turned out that the person he was talking to still got it understand the sentences used by the interlocutor. This happened because listeners engage in selective listening.
3. This disorder can occur when the part of the brain that regulates language skills is damaged due to injury or disease. These include strokes, brain tumors, and traumatic brain injuries. Aphasia can develop gradually in people who have progressive neurological disorders. No they aren’t meanwhile “People with dyslexia also experience problems with organization. They tend to be disorganized. For example, wearing shoes but forgetting to wear socks. Another problem is the difficulty in arranging or sorting, whether it's days, numbers, or letters, ”said Kristiantini who is also a pediatrician.
4. Bilingualism is another term in English which means bilingualism in Indonesian. Bilingualism is one of the language problems that continues to develop. This is due to the starting point of the meaning of bilingualism which is relative (relative). This relativity occurs because the limitation that a person can be called a bilingual is arbitrary, so that the view of bilingualism differs from one another. Furthermore, the process of cultural identification is “relational” and “contextual” (Noro, 2008, p. 5) as a child can never establish its cultural identity independently from its social environment. The child negotiates its identity not only with him- or herself, but also with immediate reference persons such as parents or friends. This means that if peers do not view the bilingual child as a member of their cultural group, the respective child might not view itself as part of that culture either (Antal, 1998, p. 164).
5. One can recognize that the MLU proved to appear lower than the standards of other researchers which may depend on different techniques of counting the MLU as well as other factors. Nevertheless, one could observe the development of the child’s language along with backsliding episodes.
NAME : TASKIA ASSYFA UTAMI
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230141
CLASS : TBI 6D
*ANSWER*
1. Yes, it is important. The part that plays a major role in language lies in the left hemisphere. This hemisphere has areas that hold certain behaviors, in other words the function of language is lateralized. The language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. Furthermore, in the reading aloud stage, the visual cortex receives in written form and is then transmitted through a gulusan gyro to Wernicke's area and is associated with an auditory image. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by receiving a signal in the auditory cortex from the ear which is then transmitted across Wernicke's area to be translated.
2. 1) Developing and improving some tasks for student based on student language acquisition.
2) Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
3. Aphasia is a language disorder due to damage to parts of the brain, both in Broca's area (speaking disorder) and Wernicke's area (understanding disorder). This disorder can occur when the part of the brain that regulates language skills is damaged due to injury or disease. These include strokes, brain tumors, and traumatic brain injuries. Aphasia can develop gradually in people who have progressive neurological disorders. Meanwhile, dyslexia is a disruption in the learning process characterized by difficulty reading, writing, or spelling. People with dyslexia will have difficulty identifying spoken words and turning them into letters or sentences.
4. In my opinion, Bilingual is a person's ability to use two languages. The first language comes from the mother, while the second language is another language that is learned after the first language. Does culture impact on it? Sure, being a bilingual has many benefits and is considered an ability that not everyone can do so that being bilingual does not make a person smarter but makes the brain healthier, more complex, and active.
5. Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; And Semantic development is the acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Are they influenced by
the people's ages? Yes, they influenced by ages, as the syntactic development and semantic development will increase as a child gets older.
1 sure it does. There will be no language without the brain. A few areas of the human brain are dedicated to language processing and development. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
ReplyDelete-Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words.
-Wernicke’s area, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
-The primary auditory cortex, it is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
-The angular gyrus, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2.psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3.Aphasia is any dialect disorder caused by brain damage caused by an injured disease. Or failure to speak. This is disillusionment or inability to use and understand dialects as a result of brain damage or damage. When it affects a spoken dialect it is therapeutically described as aphasia, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4.on my opinion Bilingualism is exactly good because if someone is categorized as bilingualism it means they have the ability to spoken two languages.
Does culture impact on it? Sure, it does an impact, it because Bilinguals come from diverse environments influenced by various factors that include family and cultural values.
5.Syntax studies grammatical relationships outside of words, in units called sentences, while semantics is learning about meaning.
This is very much influenced by age, because when they were children, they did not know what the sentence structure was or what it meant. Sometimes, children are only able to say without knowing what it means. For this reason, the relationship between the two is very much influenced by ages.
Name : khusniyah 181230048
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI 6 B
Answer
1. Does the brain have an important role in language processing? Of course, the way it works is by saving the language that has been learned, by learning to read, read and read, listen to music, practice writing.
2. psycholinguistic advantages
- can help teachers to understand students who have differences in terms of intelligence
- can know how the processes that occur in the brain when speaking
- can know a dialect is created.
3. In my opinion, of course the same because this includes language skills such as; read, write, compose and speak.
4. in my opinion: bilingualism is the ability to speak the same as regional languages or as speakers of the original language. 5. Of course because of physiological factors which include the organs producing speech such as mouth and brain function.
suci putri pertiwi
ReplyDelete181230128
TBI 6 D
1. Yes. the brain plays an important role in the language process. The language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process.
2. - Psycholinguistics brings together theoretical to empirical tools both psychology and linguistics to study the mental processes that underlie the acquisition and use of language. - Psycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary science with the aim of creating a coherent theory of how a language is produced and understood. So it can be concluded that what is called psycholinguistics is closely related to the language process.
3. aphasias: Their brain memory is impaired. People who suffer from this disease will have difficulty expressing thoughts and have difficulty understanding and finding words when communicating. while dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects the ability to read, spell, write and speak. Children with dyslexia have difficulty connecting the letters they see with the sounds they hear into a sentence.
4. Bilingualism is commonplace and is increasingly being found all over the world. so while he can speak properly and correctly that's fine
5. Yes. their development is influenced by age.
1. Yes. in the limbs of the brain has a role to control movement and language function. Language activities take place mechanically and mentally, meaning that language activities are related to mental processes and the human brain. because there is a reciprocal relationship between language and the mind or brain, that language forms thoughts and vice versa thoughts also form the language spoken.
ReplyDelete2. the advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching is can learn what are the human neurobiological factors to acquire, use, understand and produce language. besides that there are main objectives, that is:
1) to find out the problem of speech activity, its structure, its evolution, its operation
2) to determine the nature of linguistic competence. Possible to produce us
3) to know the two main psychological processes, regarding the application of language: problems of speech production and problems of understanding speech.
4) to determine the problem of cognitive-perceptual psycholinguistic mechanisms (mechanisms; psycholinguistic and cognitive processes that underlie the understanding and production of language; mechanisms for working out language rules, etc.)
5) can analyze speech communication.
6) to find out the ethnocultural peculiarities of speech communication (Because language itself is known as a cultural constitution, the language of an application cannot but be influenced by certain ethnocultural phenomena
7) to determine the problem of human speech ontogenesis because language development affects the speaking process of adults and hildren more precisely
8) can know the problem of speech pathology that is to investigate speech and communication disorders.
3. It caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening. Stroke is one of the most common causes of brain damage that triggers aphasia. When having a stroke, the absence of blood flow to the brain causes brain cell death or damage to the part of the brain that processes language. Approximately 25–40% of stroke sufferers will suffer from aphasia.
Brain damage from head injury, brain tumor, or encephalitis can also cause aphasia. In these cases, aphasia is usually accompanied by other disorders, such as memory problems and impaired consciousness.
In addition, aphasia can occur due to diseases that cause decreased function of brain cells, such as dementia and Parkinson's disease. In this condition, aphasia will develop gradually as the disease progresses.
This symptom is different from dyslexia because dyslexia is caused by genetic factors and can also come from different parts of the brain that process language.
4. bilingualism is the use of two languages by a speaker in his interactions with other people in turn.
5. the formation of complex symbols from simpler symbols syntactically discusses sentence structure, clauses, and phrases developed in semantics, namely regarding symbols of a meaning in the word. This is certainly influenced by the age of society, namely from the age of 3.5 years or children
Name : Siti Khodijah Nurhalisa
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230133
Class : TBI 6 D
1. We humans are very social and chatty beings. As soon as we are born, we learn to communicate with our environment. Growing up, we love to talk to our friends, to our families, and to strangers. We exchange our thoughts and feelings and are eager to learn about the thoughts and feelings of others. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
• Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words. Damage to Broca’s area can result in productive aphasia (also known as Broca’s aphasia), or an inability to speak. Patients with Broca’s can often still understand language, but they cannot speak fluently.
• Wernicke’s area, located in the cerebral cortex, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
• The primary auditory cortex, located in the temporal lobe and connected to the auditory system, is organized so that it responds to neighboring frequencies in the other cells of the cortex. It is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
2. Advantages:
1) Developing and improving some task for student based on student language acquisition.
2) Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
3) Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching.
3. Some people with aphasia have problems understanding what others are saying. The problems occur particularly when the person is tired or in a crowded or loud environment. Aphasia does not affect thinking skills. But the person may have problems understanding written material and a hard time with handwriting.
4. A bilingual person is someone who speaks two languages. People may become bilingual either by acquiring two languages at the same time in childhood or by learning a second language sometime after acquiring their first language. Bilinguals are often exposed to multiple cultural backgrounds, therefore, it is unclear if being exposed to multiple languages and culture together influence attentional processes, or if the effect themselves are uniquely linked to different attentional processes.
5. Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child’s sentence; And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Are they influenced by the people’s ages? Yes, they influenced by ages, as the syntactic development and semantic development will increases as a child gets older.
Dian Herawati
ReplyDelete181230052
TBI 6-B
1. Of course, brain have an important role in a language process. The brain is divided into distinct anatomical faculties that are directly responsible for specific cognitive functions.
Left hemisphere is superior for language, rhythmic perception, temporal-order judgments, and mathematical thinking skills Right hemisphere does better in pattern-matching tasks, recognizing faces, and spatial orientation.
Language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood. Language processing is considered to be a uniquely human ability that is not produced with the same grammatical understanding or systematicity in even human's closest primate relatives.
2. The benefits studying psycholinguistic
For the english learner:
-Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
-Making the good environment for supporting in learning language.
For the future teacher:
-Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching. acquisition.
-Giving the right input and output to be successful in learning language.
3. I think aphasia is different from dyslexia.
Aphasia refers to a condition in which children fail to master meaningful utterances at the age of 3 years. Many factors are thought to cause this condition, including speech organ disorders, mental retardation, deafness, or the attitude of parents who are too protective of their children so that they do not allow children to socialize with their peers. However, the factor that is alleged to be the main cause of this disease is damage to the nervous system of the brain.
Meanwhile, dyslexia is a disorder in the development of reading and writing that generally occurs in children aged 7 to 8 years. Characterized by difficulty learning to read fluently and difficulty in understanding even though it is normal or above average. These include difficulties in the application of the Phonology discipline, language skills / verbal comprehension. Dyslexia is the most common learning difficulty and the most recognized reading disorder. There are other difficulties with reading but not related to dyslexia.
4. Bilingualism is defined as a speaker's ability to use two languages for communication. Due to the complexity of its nature, the study of bilingualism relies on several fields within linguistics, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, and education.
The anthropological approach looks at it from how a person uses his language selection to express his cultural values. In addition, globalization provides a pattern or a different lifestyle that affects each individual or group. This needs to be paid attention, that in a language is also a culture.
5. Developments in Syntax and Semantics.
Preschool children also learn and apply syntactic rules (Lieven, 2008; Tager Flushberg & Zukowski, 2009). They show progress in mastering complex rules related to how words are ordered. Early childhood is also marked by an understanding of mastering semantics. The development of vocabulary occurred dramatically (Pan & Uccelli, 2009). Some experts conclude that between the ages of 18 and 6 years, young children learn a new word every hour (except while sleeping) (Gelman & Kalish, 2006). By the time they enter the first grade of primary school, it is estimated that the children are already familiar with 14,000 words (Clark, 1993).
M Rosyid Rido
ReplyDelete181230147
TBI 6 D
1 sure it does. There will be no language without the brain. A few areas of the human brain are dedicated to language processing and development. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
-Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words.
-Wernicke’s area, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
-The primary auditory cortex, it is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
-The angular gyrus, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2.psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3.Aphasia is any dialect disorder caused by brain damage caused by an injured disease. Or failure to speak. This is disillusionment or inability to use and understand dialects as a result of brain damage or damage. When it affects a spoken dialect it is therapeutically described as aphasia, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4.on my opinion Bilingualism is exactly good because if someone is categorized as bilingualism it means they have the ability to spoken two languages.
Does culture impact on it? Sure, it does an impact, it because Bilinguals come from diverse environments influenced by various factors that include family and cultural values.
5.Syntax studies grammatical relationships outside of words, in units called sentences, while semantics is learning about meaning.
This is very much influenced by age, because when they were children, they did not know what the sentence structure was or what it meant. Sometimes, children are only able to say without knowing what it means. For this reason, the relationship between the two is very much influenced by ages.
Reply
Nama : Manda
ReplyDeleteNim : 181230045
Class : TBI 6B
Answer.
1. Both the left brain and the right brain play an important role in regulating all body functions to carry out daily activities. when doing language activities, either openly or closed, hemispheres
the left brain exhibits greater electrical activity. when doing language activities, either openly or closed, the left hemisphere of the brain shows more intense electrical activity. The language disorder caused by the brain is the presence of certain types of aphasia, such as: Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia and conduction aphasia.
2. - Can understand the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, one can see from a psychological point of view as an alternative solution.
- Knowing the relationship between language and the brain in processing and communicating it.
3. Aphasia is a language disorder, which affects speech production or understanding and the ability to read or write. Aphasia can be caused by a stroke or injury to the head. While dyslexia is a neurological disorder in the part of the brain that processes language, and can be found in children or adults. both have similarities but dyslexia can be caused by heredity.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. For example, in the process of translating other languages that have different cultures and ideologies, it is necessary to pay attention to the transactional aspects of their cultural values. So the language translation process must be adapted to the social, situational and cultural context of the language to be translated.
5. Pre-school children have learned and applied syntactic rules. They show progress in mastering complex rules related to how words are ordered. Early childhood is also marked by an understanding of mastering semantics. The development of vocabulary occurred dramatically. When they enter the first grade of elementary school, it is estimated that the children will already know 14,000 words.
Name : Liana Pristia Sianturi
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230174
Class : TBI 6E
(Maaf miss saya mengulang jawabannya sebelumnya, karena saya lupa mencantumkan nama saat menjawab) (unkwon 23 April at 09:18)
1. Yes. in the limbs of the brain has a role to control movement and language function. Language activities take place mechanically and mentally, meaning that language activities are related to mental processes and the human brain. because there is a reciprocal relationship between language and the mind or brain, that language forms thoughts and vice versa thoughts also form the language spoken.
2. the advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching is can learn what are the human neurobiological factors to acquire, use, understand and produce language. besides that there are main objectives, that is:
1) to find out the problem of speech activity, its structure, its evolution, its operation
2) to determine the nature of linguistic competence. Possible to produce us
3) to know the two main psychological processes, regarding the application of language: problems of speech production and problems of understanding speech.
4) to determine the problem of cognitive-perceptual psycholinguistic mechanisms (mechanisms; psycholinguistic and cognitive processes that underlie the understanding and production of language; mechanisms for working out language rules, etc.)
5) can analyze speech communication.
6) to find out the ethnocultural peculiarities of speech communication (Because language itself is known as a cultural constitution, the language of an application cannot but be influenced by certain ethnocultural phenomena
7) to determine the problem of human speech ontogenesis because language development affects the speaking process of adults and hildren more precisely
8) can know the problem of speech pathology that is to investigate speech and communication disorders.
3. It caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening. Stroke is one of the most common causes of brain damage that triggers aphasia. When having a stroke, the absence of blood flow to the brain causes brain cell death or damage to the part of the brain that processes language. Approximately 25–40% of stroke sufferers will suffer from aphasia.
Brain damage from head injury, brain tumor, or encephalitis can also cause aphasia. In these cases, aphasia is usually accompanied by other disorders, such as memory problems and impaired consciousness.
In addition, aphasia can occur due to diseases that cause decreased function of brain cells, such as dementia and Parkinson's disease. In this condition, aphasia will develop gradually as the disease progresses.
This symptom is different from dyslexia because dyslexia is caused by genetic factors and can also come from different parts of the brain that process language.
4. bilingualism is the use of two languages by a speaker in his interactions with other people in turn.
5. the formation of complex symbols from simpler symbols syntactically discusses sentence structure, clauses, and phrases developed in semantics, namely regarding symbols of a meaning in the word. This is certainly influenced by the age of society, namely from the age of 3.5 years or children
Name : Evie tri utami
ReplyDeleteSrn : 181230119
Class : TBI VI D
Midterm test psycholiguistic
1.Yes. the brain plays an important role in the language process. The language process has several stages consisting of the speech induc tion process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process.
2.~ giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another
~Psycholinguistics can helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
~Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3.Aphasias is a language disorder, which affects the production or understanding of speech and the ability to read or write. Aphasia is most often caused by disorders of the part of the brain that regulates language and speech skills. In most people, this part is located on the left side of the brain.
However, aphasias is different from dyslexia. Dyslexia is a disorder in the development of reading and writing that generally occurs in children aged 7 to 8 years. Characterized by difficulty learning to read fluently and difficulty in understanding even though it is normal or above average. These include difficulties in the application of the Phonology discipline, language skills / verbal comprehension.
4. in my opinion,bilingualism is the use of two languages by a speaker in his interactions with other people in turn.In a sociolinguistic perspective, bilingualism is defined as the use of two languages by a speaker in his interchangeability with other people.
For example: joko can speak Javanese and also master Indonesian.
Culutre impact on bilinguals because Bilinguals come from diverse environments influenced by various factors that include family and cultural values.
5. Semantics is the one that can explain everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax. Yes its influenced by child get older.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName: Pipit Evie Ana (181230139)
ReplyDeleteClass: TBI VI D
Answer:
1.) Yes, it does. The human brain system can be divided into three, namely (1) the brain
large (sereberum), (2) cerebellum (cerebellum), (3) brainstem. The most part of the brain
important in language activities is the big brain. The part of the cerebrum directly involved in language processing is the cerebral cortex. Cerebral cortex is the part that looks like white blobs and is a the largest part in the human brain system. This section organizes or manages processes cognitive in humans, and one of them of course is language. The cerebral cortex consists of two parts, namely the left hemisphere (left hemisphere) and the right hemisphere (right hemisphere). The right hemisphere controls processing spatial and visual information (seeing, estimating, or understanding space or
objects in three dimensions). While the left hemisphere controls language activities besides, of course, another cognitive process. Coordination between the two is possible because of the structure that holds these two hemispheres together, that is corpus callosum.
2.) Advantages:
-Creating good environment that supports in language learning for teaching student.
--Developing and improving some task for student based on student language acquisition.
-Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
3.) Aphasia is any language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma. Or an inability to speak. It is the failure or impairment of language use and comprehension as a result of a brain injury or dysfunction. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia, it's not similar with dyslexia, then, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4.) Billingualism is people have the ability to speak two languages. Culture must be very influential. Because, if he/she is able to speak two languages but the environment / culture is not supportive, it could be that one of these languages is lost, because it is often not used (it becomes not fluent).
5.) Syntax studies grammatical relationship outside of words, in units called sentences, while semantic learns about meaning.
This is very much influenced by age, because when they were children they did not know the structure of the sentence or what it meant. Sometimes, children can only say without knowing what it means. Therefore, the relationship between the two is very much influenced by age.
NAME : Muhamad farhan munawar tanjung
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230127
CLASS : TBI VI D
1) the brain, it is very important to master speech, perceive speech and convert it into speech. Multiple areas of the brain must work together in order for a person to develop, use and understand language. The Broca area is mainly responsible for voice production. Damage to this area can lead to productive aphasia. The Wernicke region is mainly responsible for understanding the language. Damage to this area can lead to receptive aphasia.The listening cortex determines the pitch and volume of the sound. The angular gyrus is responsible for various language processes, including (but not limited to) attention and digital processing
2. ) Advantages : 1) Put forward different suggestions for students' language learning.2) Create a good environment to support students' language learning in the learning process. 3) Develop and improve some tasks for students based on their language acquisition.
3. People with aphasia have problem in conversation issues because of mind damage. This disease can have an effect on the capacity to talk and write, in addition to the capacity to recognize phrases while analyzing or listening. Different than dyslexia or dyslexia, this is a learning disorder that makes it difficult for children to read, write, spell, or speak clearly, and only occurs between the ages of 7 and 8. Nervous system diseases in children However, this condition apparently does not affect or relate to the level of intelligence of the child and is brief. It was difficult when he had problems with letters, vocabulary and poor skills. As a result, this learning disability can cause problems in vocabulary, sentence, reading comprehension, and comprehension.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to use two languages. People with different bilingual characteristics can be classified as bilingual. They can achieve bilingualism by learning the second language some time after learning the first language. This is called consistent bilingualism. different people. yes culture is influential because bilinguals come from different backgrounds and are influenced by various factors including family, environment, habit, customs, manner and cultural values.
5. Syntactic development is how kids examine those rules. Syntactic improvement is measured the usage of MLU (Mean Duration of Expression), which is essentially the average duration of children’s sentences. Semantic improvement is the assimilation of words, their meanings and the connections among them. Yes, as they develop older, they will be affected through age, because as kids develop up, the improvement of syntax and semantics will increase.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Dewi Sri Wahyuni
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI 6A
NIM : 181230024
1. Important, because humans begin to learn and acquire language from infancy by listening to or imitating their parents. This ability is called the Language Acqusition Device. The brain is the object that is the center of control of all systems in the human body, including a person's language ability which is also controlled by the brain.
2. In language teaching, the psychological aspect is the most important thing that must be considered by teachers. So, 1. psycholinguistics can be used as an approach in the teaching and learning process. 2. It is important to increase students 'motivation and interest in learning, 3. and also students can reduce students' anxiety in learning languages.
3. Aphasia is a syndrome of the nervous system (neurological) that impairs language skills. Their brain memory is disabled. People who suffer from this disease will have difficulty expressing thoughts and have difficulty understanding and finding words when communicating. Of course, this will cause problems in the sufferer's life. Because, communication is one of the most important things in life. aphasia usually occurs due to an accident or impact, not due to abnormalities or genes from birth.
Dyslexia is a condition of learning disabilities in a person caused by difficulties in that person in reading and writing activities. usually caused by birth defects or birth defects. aphasia and dyslexia are similar due to language difficulties but have different causes.
4. bilingualism is defined as the use of two languages. The background that encourages bilingualism is due to language contact in the brain. Language contact occurs due to population movement for reasons of education, politics, economy, religion, and natural disasters, resulting in contact with other speakers' languages. Role and position Indonesian in the middle diversity and diversity of cultures and languages in Indonesia is increasing. Indonesian language dignification and preservation of local languages as well as foreign language development as done by the Center Language, Indonesian increasingly gain legitimacy in the eyes of the community.
5. The acquisition of semantics is a field of study of meaning. When speaking, meaning becomes the main problem. If the speaker understands the meaning of the speaker's utterance, then the communication will take place. Parents must understand the meaning of children's speech in order to know what the child feels, wants, and needs. whereas syntactic acquisition is the acquisition of one-word utterances called holofrastic utterances and two-word utterances called telegraphic utterances that occur in children according to the object or purpose in question. Acquisition of syntax and smantik is very influenced by age, usually this begins to be developed in early childhood, namely the age of 2-3 years depending on how they start curiosity and the role of parents who teach it.
TBI VI D
DeleteName: Annisa Ayundi Prastiwi
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230017
Class: TBI 6A
Answers:
1. Brain does have an important role in language process. The brain is an organ of the human body that works out all systems of the human body, including human language abilities. the cortex of the brain functions as a motion processor and is also a holding area for human memory and consciousness. The cortex is where human language is stored.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching:
- Psycholinguistics can assist teachers in further interpreting the linguistic processes that students go through while learning a second or foreign language, such as understanding, reading, and speaking.
- Teachers may find it helpful to learn how to interact effectively with students who have various levels of foreign language proficiency.
3. Aphasia is a condition in which a person's brain activity in interpreting language is impaired due to brain injury incurred by collisions or accidents. Aphasia is not the same as dyslexia. Aphasia is not an inherited condition, while dyslexia is a learning disorder caused by genetic factors.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to engage in two different languages. Since both languages evolved in an atmosphere of bilingual people, culture has an effect on human bilingualism. They blend in with the community as these two languages come into contact.
5. Syntaxis is a grammatical element in a sentence, while semantics is related to the literal meaning of a sentence. the two are related because to understand the meaning of a sentence, the grammatical structure of the sentence must be correct so that its meaning can be understood.
I think, both of them can be influenced by people’s age. both of these abilities will develop as a person ages.
Shafa Aisyah Shabirah
ReplyDelete181230009
TBI 6A
1. The human brain is responsible for processing and producing language. Without a brain there would be no language. The parts of the brain required for language processing are Broca's area, Wernicke's area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus. The spoken word, cognition, and written word are processed in different parts of the brain.
2.The advantages :
-To know the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood.
-Helps to explain the error in doing language learning.
3. Aphasia is not congenital, but can occur by accident.
Dyslexia is a condition that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words. Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written.
4. Bilingualism is someone’s ability to use two language. The ablility to speak two languages means you are able to speak in a different cultural and linguistic context. Cultural can be a factor of bilingualism.
5. Syntax studies grammatical relationships outside of words, in units called sentences, while semantics learns about meaning. Semantics is the acquisition of words, their meaning and the relationship between them. This is of course influenced by age ,. Syntax development and semantic development will increase with age.
Name: Fitroh
ReplyDeleteNim: 181230122
Class: TBI 6D
1. Yes of course the brain has an important role to play for language. According to Whitaker, in (Cahyono, Bambang Yudi, 1995: 258) determination specific areas of the brain in relation to the language it is based on three main pieces of evidence. The first evidence is that the elements of language skills do not occupy the same part of the brain. Language skills (speaking, listening,
reading, and writing) and linguistic structures (syntactic and semantic features, lexical and grammatical forms) have distinctive regions in the brain. Second evidence is that everyone's language occupies the same area in the brain. The third evidence is that there is a relationship between language skills and the hemispheres of the brain.
2. Advantages: 1) Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching. 2) Psycholinguistics also helps explain mistakes made by students in language learning 3), Psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulty of these four skills, both intrinsic difficulty and extrinsic difficulty.
3. for Aphasia is similar to dyslexia. The same communication disorders are caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening.
4. my opinion about Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. Culture must be very influential. Because, if he is able to speak two languages but the environment / culture is not supportive, it could be that one of these languages is lost because it is often not used or becomes not fluent.
5. In development syntax is the way children learn these rules. Syntax development is measured using the MLU, or average length of speech, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; And Semantic development is the acquisition of words, their meaning and the relationship between them. Are they influenced by the age of the people? Yes, it is, influenced by age, because syntactic development and semantic development will continue to increase with the age of the child.
NAME : ANISA FUJIYANTI
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230153
CLASS : TBI VI D
1. Yes it does. The brain plays an important role in the language process. The language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process.
2. The adavantages of study psycolinguistics are :
- Can helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
- Can helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Aphasias is a language disorder, which affects the production or understanding of speech and the ability to read or write. Aphasia is most often caused by disorders of the part of the brain that regulates language and speech skills. In most people, this part is located on the left side of the brain.
However, aphasias is different from dyslexia. Dyslexia is a disorder in the development of reading and writing that generally occurs in children aged 7 to 8 years. Characterized by difficulty learning to read fluently and difficulty in understanding even though it is normal or above average. These include difficulties in the application of the Phonology discipline, language skills / verbal comprehension.
4. In my opinion, bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. For example, in the process of translating other languages that have different cultures and ideologies, it is necessary to pay attention to the transactional aspects of their cultural values. So the language translation process must be adapted to the social, situational and cultural context of the language to be translated.
5. Semantics is the one that can explain everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax. Yes its influenced by child get older
NAME : IKA NUR 'AMALINA PUTRI
ReplyDeleteCLASS : VI TBI E
NIM : 181230169
1. Language is a verbal instrument that is used for communication. (chaer abdul, 2002: 30)
This hypothesis emphasizes that every human being gives birth to the language of his brain. Lieberman, in simanjuntak, 2008:25, says that every human society hasa language that they can reproduce by themselves. The language of the evolutionary birth is the linguistics, the broadness. And the broadness (linguistics) comes from the language of conscience (the inner language) that humans have by nature. According to Whitaker, in (cahyono, bambang yudi, 1995: 258) determining certain areas of the brain in relation to that language is based on three principal evidences. The first evidence is that language skills do not occupy the same part of the brain. Language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) and linguistic structures (characteristics of syntactic and semantic, lexicon and grammatical forms) have distinct areas in the brain the second evidence is that language occupies the same area in the brain. A third evidence is that there is a link between language competence and brain.
2. The advantage is to be used in understanding the acquisition of the first language as well asin learning a second language or a foreign language.
3. Afasia is a communication disorder caused by brain damage. These disorders can affect ability to speak and write, as well as understanding words while reading or listening. Most afasians would be wrong to select and string words together in the correct sentence. These conditions, however, did not affect the level of a sufferer's intelligence and memory. They are not equal while Dyslexia is one type of learning disorder that makes it difficult for children to read, write, spell, or speak clearly. But they have a high IQ
4. Bilingualism is closely related to the acquisition of a second language. The acquisition of language is closely related to how children acquire words, meaning, structure, and pragmatics. It has nothing to do with the process that's going on in the mind and attitude of the child.
5. The introduction of syntax begins when children are able to combine words (two words or more). This ability is usually present in children as young as two years of age or older. Thus, the holofracist stage is associated with the development of syntax encoding.
Name: sarmidawati 181230193
ReplyDeleteClass: 6 E
1. Of course very important.
The part that plays a major role in language lies in the left hemisphere. This hemisphere has areas that hold certain behaviors, in other words the function of language is lateralized. Neurologists Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke have clinically proven the dominance of this hemisphere so that it is known as Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Broca's area is located in the superior frontal gyrus which plays a role in the process of spoken and written language, as well as speaking skills, while Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus which plays a role in understanding the content of speech.
2. • a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students
listening, speaking, reading, or writing so that when the ability is deep problematic language skills.
• the teacher can view it from a psychological point of view as alternative solution.
3. It is the loss or impairment of the use and or understanding of language due to some type of brain injury or dysfunction. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia.
But, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia, and when it affects writing it is called agraphia.
4. really appreciate the use of two languages by a speaker in his interactions with others alternately. To use two languages, of course, one must master the two languages.
Of course culture greatly influences the number of languages a person controls and does not rule out the possibility that someone can master two more languages because the culture and environment are supportive.
5. Syntax: learning grammar through examples that children hear / see in the environment.
Semantics: learn the meaning of words.
of course age affects it
Name: Rahmah Antika Zahraa
ReplyDeleteNIM: 181230181
Class: TBI 6E
1. Yes,it does. there would be no language without the brain. The human cerebrum has a couple of zones that are explicit to language preparing and creation. At the point when these territories are harmed or harmed, capacities for talking or comprehension can be lost, a turmoil known as aphasia. These regions should work together all together for an individual to create, use, and comprehend language.The discourse creation measure happens around there and is then shipped off Broca's space to change over messages into significant image sets. Besides, the visual cortex gets in composed structure and is then communicated through a gulusan unite to Wernicke's space and is related with the hear-able picture.
2. psycholinguistics assists with understanding the challenges of these four abilities both natural troubles and extraneous challenges. Psycholinguistics likewise assists with clarifying the blunders understudies do in the language learning.
3. Aphasia is a condition that denies you of the capacity to convey. It regularly happens out of nowhere after a stroke or a head injury. Yet, it can likewise come on bit by bit from a lethargic developing mind tumor or a sickness that causes reformist, lasting harm (degenerative). The seriousness of aphasia relies upon various conditions, including the reason and the degree of the mind harm.
While, Dyslexia is a learning issue that includes trouble perusing because of issues recognizing discourse sounds and figuring out how they identify with letters and words (interpreting). Additionally called understanding inability, dyslexia influences spaces of the cerebrum that interaction language.
4. Bilingual is an individual's capacity that utilization two dialects. The principal language comes from the mother or the langauge that instruct to them when was conceived. while the subsequent language is another dialect that is learned after the main language.
I figure culture may be a factor that somebody Can be a bilingual.
5. Yes, the age is very impact the development of the language. For instance in youngsters Ages. Syntactic advancement is estimated utilizing MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is fundamentally the normal length of a kid's sentence, and steady acqusition of words and the implications they convey (first word they learn)It is a sluggish yet a progressive interaction where a kid, maybe, several words a weekSome social words like bye-bye, hi, and so on are at first educated. - Words learning speeds up drastically following a while when first words are created.
Name : sithi alfiqaroh suarti
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230172
TBI 6-E
1). Ya of course, nothing language without the process from the brain. Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe of the brain, is linked to speech production, and recent studies have shown that it also plays a significant role in language comprehension. Broca's area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words. and the operate in language system from Wernicke’s area, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
The primary auditory cortex, it is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
The angular gyrus, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2). The advantage is the problem if the children have bad attitude, suggestion, the human thingking. And can different between one students to another students.
3). I think different between aphasia and dsylexia if Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But, People with dyslexia have normal intelligence and usually have normal vision. Most children with dyslexia can succeed in school with tutoring or a specialized education program. Emotional support also plays an important role.Though there's no cure for dyslexia, early assessment and intervention result in the best outcome. Sometimes dyslexia goes undiagnosed for years and isn't recognized until adulthood, but it's never too late to seek help.
4). I think billigualism is very important and good for cultute commucation Bilingualism is the phenomenon of speaking and understanding two or more languages. The term can refer to individuals (individual bilingualism) as well as to an entire society (social bilingualism).
5). semantics The science of language that studies meaning
The real form in children is the accuracy of meaning language but Syntactic is structures
The real form in children is the wholeness of production
sentence and give influences to language acquisition
Name : Anggun Al-Fariatunnisa
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI 6E
Nim : 181230163
MK : Psyoclinguistic
1. Of course. The language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. Furthermore, in the reading aloud stage, the visual cortex receives in written form and is then transmitted through a gulusan gyro to Wernicke's area and is associated with an auditory image. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by receiving a signal in the auditory cortex from the ear which is then transmitted across Wernicke's area to be translated.
2. • Language can be developed from 0-5 years old
• The language has a universal language (Language Universal)
3. Aphasia is not a disease, but a symptom that indicates damage to the part of the brain that regulates language and communication. Stroke is one of the most common causes of brain damage that triggers aphasia. When having a stroke, the absence of blood flow to the brain causes brain cell death or damage to the part of the brain that processes language. Brain damage from head injury, brain tumor, or encephalitis can also cause aphasia. Aphasia and dyslexia have in common, namely disorders of the brain, but aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening.While dyslexia is a disruption in the learning process characterized by difficulty reading, writing, or spelling. Dyslexic sufferers will find it difficult to identify the words spoken, and convert them into letters or sentences, because of disturbances in the nerves of the brain.
4. In my opinion, Bilingual is the ability of a person to use two languages. The first language comes from the mother, while the second language is another language that is learned after the first language. Before being recognized as an intuitive ability, being bilingual when children before 1960 was considered a deficiency because it was judged to slow children's growth by forcing them to use energy to differentiate between languages. Along with the increasingly modern times, being a bilingual has many benefits and is considered an ability that not everyone can do. One of the advantages of being a bilingual is definitely immediate. One of the most obvious things is that it is easy to get a job and easy when you want to talk to foreigner.
5. Syntax development can be obtained through developing the grammatical level of the resulting sentence through several stages, namely the classification of morphemes, and through arrangement by placing words together to form sentences. Meanwhile, semantic development can be obtained by using certain words based on the similarity of motion, size and shape. For example, the child already knows the meaning of the word clock. At first the child only refers to the watch of his parents, but then he curses the word for all kinds of clocks. The relationship between the two is greatly influenced by the environment itself, which environment greatly impacts the development of children's language.
Name: Syeha Nabila Azzahra
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230137
Class: TBI 6D
ANSWERS
1. The main parts of the brain involved in language processes are the Broca's area, located in the left frontal lobe, which is responsible for speech production and articulation, and the Wernicke's area, in the left temporal lobe, associated with language development and comprehension.
2. psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning
3. aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). Dyslexia is the most common cause of reading, writing and spelling difficulties. Dyslexia affects males and females nearly equally as well as, people from different ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds nearly equally. Aphasia different with dyslexia.
4. Increase brain power, It can give children an academic advantage, Increase awareness of other cultures and Make travel easier and more enjoyable. Bilinguals are often exposed to multiple cultural backgrounds, therefore, it is unclear if being exposed to multiple languages and culture together influence attentional processes, or if the effect themselves are uniquely linked to different attentional processes
5. By the time children begin school, they are able to use language in many different ways to convey a variety of messages. By this time they have learnt when words combine with other words, they for sentences. These sentences must conform to particular patterns, and developing awareness of the sentence types. As children reach the school age, we find that children use four main sentence types. And just like adults, children choose the sentence type based on adults.
Under generalization is when a child uses a particular word for only a limited number of the context in which an adult would use the word.
Mismatch is when the child's understanding of the word is completely different from that of an adult.
Children then use linguistic clues and past experience to work out what the correct meaning is. They very quickly become highly accurate at correctly labeling objects. As well, they will ask 'what's that?' and this will help them retune their meaning of the word. As they learn more labels, they will understand that there is a relationship between various groups of words, which are called semantic fields.
Name : Eneng Ifat Fatimah
ReplyDeleteNim : 181230151
TNI VI D
1. Sure, it does. The areas of the brain necessary for language. Spoken word, cognition, and written word all are processed in different parts of the brain in different orders. Without the brain, there would be no language.
The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
-Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words.
-Wernicke’s area, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
-The primary auditory cortex, it is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
-The angular gyrus, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2. Psycholinguistics has a lot of advantages of study for foreign language teaching :
-Psycholinguistics as a study of the psychology of language is realized in language teaching. It helps to study the psychological factors that are possibly involved in languages learning. Psycholinguistics focuses on the application of the actual language and communication. It is necessary to make a decision in applying various methods that allow students to easily understand a language.
-In relation to language teaching, developmental psycholinguistics and applied psycholinguistics play significant roles in formulating effective ways of teaching. Psycholinguistics theory covered the language development of humans, in accordance with humans’ physical and mental development. These theories are considered in designing language teaching programs and materials in order to be effective for the second language learners master the target language
-Psycholinguistics knowledge will help teacher to reduce the intrinsic and extrinsic
difficulties. Teacher can prepare a listening text with topic that is familiar for students,
consisting of 100 words, and including 10 new vocabulary items. Teacher also minds about the reading speed and the noise of environment. Moreover, teacher can increase students’ interest and motivation by designing an interesting and comfortable class.
3. Aphasia is any language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma. Or an inability to speak. It is the failure or impairment of language use and comprehension as a result of a brain injury or dysfunction. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4. In my opinion Bilingualism is good because if someone is categorized as bilingualism it means they have the ability to speak two languages.
Then, Does culture impact on it? Sure, it does an impact because Bilinguals come from diverse environments influenced by various factors that include family and cultural values so that there are impact on it.
5. Syntax, semantics and pragrnatics can be associated, all proportions and respect taken into account, to any triadic concept that begins with the religious trinity: the father, the son and the spirit. Linguisitics is the trinity as a whole where the father issemantics, the son is syntax and the spirit is pragmatics. Semantics is the one that can explain everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax. So Are they influenced by the people’s ages? I think Yes, they influenced by ages, as the syntactic development and semantic development will increases as a child gets older.
TBI VI D
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ReplyDeleteName: Rahmah Antika Zahraa
ReplyDeleteNIM: 181230181
Class: TBI 6E
1. Yes,it does. there would be no language without the brain. The human cerebrum has a couple of zones that are explicit to language preparing and creation. At the point when these territories are harmed or harmed, capacities for talking or comprehension can be lost, a turmoil known as aphasia. These regions should work together all together for an individual to create, use, and comprehend language.The discourse creation measure happens around there and is then shipped off Broca's space to change over messages into significant image sets. Besides, the visual cortex gets in composed structure and is then communicated through a gulusan unite to Wernicke's space and is related with the hear-able picture.
2. psycholinguistics assists with understanding the challenges of these four abilities both natural troubles and extraneous challenges. Psycholinguistics likewise assists with clarifying the blunders understudies do in the language learning.
3. Aphasia is a condition that denies you of the capacity to convey. It regularly happens out of nowhere after a stroke or a head injury. Yet, it can likewise come on bit by bit from a lethargic developing mind tumor or a sickness that causes reformist, lasting harm (degenerative). The seriousness of aphasia relies upon various conditions, including the reason and the degree of the mind harm.
While, Dyslexia is a learning issue that includes trouble perusing because of issues recognizing discourse sounds and figuring out how they identify with letters and words (interpreting). Additionally called understanding inability, dyslexia influences spaces of the cerebrum that interaction language.
4. Bilingual is an individual's capacity that utilization two dialects. The principal language comes from the mother or the langauge that instruct to them when was conceived. while the subsequent language is another dialect that is learned after the main language.
I figure culture may be a factor that somebody Can be a bilingual.
5. Yes, the age is very impact the development of the language. For instance in youngsters Ages. Syntactic advancement is estimated utilizing MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is fundamentally the normal length of a kid's sentence, and steady acqusition of words and the implications they convey (first word they learn)It is a sluggish yet a progressive interaction where a kid, maybe, several words a weekSome social words like bye-bye, hi, and so on are at first educated. - Words learning speeds up drastically following a while when first words are created.
Nama: Mansyur AS
ReplyDeleteNIM: 181230131
Class: TBI 6 D
1. Yes. in the limbs of the brain has a role to control movement and language function. Language activities take place mechanically and mentally, meaning that language activities are related to mental processes and the human brain. because there is a reciprocal relationship between language and the mind or brain, that language forms thoughts and vice versa thoughts also form the language spoken.
both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
2. Listening, reading, speaking and writing are called as the four of language skills. Specifically, psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning. It helps to study the psychological factors that are possibly involved in languages learning. Psycholinguistics focuses on the application of the actual language and communication. . It is necessary to make a decision in applying various methods that allow students to easily understand a language.
3. I think aphasia is different from dyslexia.
Aphasia refers to a condition in which children fail to master meaningful utterances at the age of 3 years. Many factors are thought to cause this condition, including speech organ disorders, mental retardation, deafness, or the attitude of parents who are too protective of their children so that they do not allow children to socialize with their peers. However, the factor that is alleged to be the main cause of this disease is damage to the nervous system of the brain.
Meanwhile, dyslexia is a disorder in the development of reading and writing that generally occurs in children aged 7 to 8 years. Characterized by difficulty learning to read fluently and difficulty in understanding even though it is normal or above average. These include difficulties in the application of the Phonology discipline, language skills / verbal comprehension. Dyslexia is the most common learning difficulty and the most recognized reading disorder. There are other difficulties with reading but not related to dyslexia.
4. In my opinion, bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. For example, in the process of translating other languages that have different cultures and ideologies, it is necessary to pay attention to the transactional aspects of their cultural values. So the language translation process must be adapted to the social, situational and cultural context of the language to be translated.
5. Yes, Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax. syntactic development and semantic development proportionally increases with age, which is common at the given stage.
181230146 FITRIA SUKMAWATI
ReplyDeleteTBI 6D
Answer
1. This is what we see when we say a brain region is activated during certain functions. Brain-imaging methods have revealed that much more of our brain is involved in language processing than previously thought. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
operates on a language system:
• Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words.
• Wernicke’s area, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
• The primary auditory cortex, it is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
• The angular gyrus, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2. Advantages:
• Psycholinguistics can helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
• Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Aphasias is a language disorder, which affects the production or understanding of speech and the ability to read or write. Aphasia is most often caused by disorders of the part of the brain that regulates language and speech skills. In most people, this part is located on the left side of the brain. However, aphasias is different from dyslexia. Dyslexia is a disorder in the development of reading and writing that generally occurs in children aged 7 to 8 years. Characterized by difficulty learning to read fluently and difficulty in understanding even though it is normal or above average. These include difficulties in the application of the Phonology discipline, language skills / verbal comprehension.
4. I my opinion bilingual benefit for Increase brain power awareness of other cultures. Being bilingual exposes an individual to diverse customs, ideas, and perspectives from different cultures. Of course, you can still learn about other cultures without knowing a second language, but language learning really allows for a more immersive experience.
5. Yes. their development is influenced by age. Because, Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them.
Name: Ifazatun Najah (181230002)
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI 6A
Answer:
1. Yes. The brain plays an important role in the language process. The language process has several stages consisting of the process of induction of speech, the process of reading aloud, and the process of understanding the speech.
2. The Advantage of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching
- To determine the problem of human speech ontogenesis because language development affects the speaking process of adults and children more precisely
- Can identify speech pathology problems, namely to investigate speech and communication disorders.
3. Aphasia is a dialect disorder caused by brain damage caused by an injury. Or fail to speak. This is the disappointment or inability to use and understand the dialect as a result of brain damage or damage. If it affects the spoken dialect it is therapeutically referred to as aphasia, if it affects the reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4. Bilingualism is ability to speak two languages. Yes, the culture impact on it. My reason is that when we learn a foreign language, we will study the culture as well, for example, the British in India learn Indian from their family nurses and helpers. That the culture of the Indian people like to dance and their style of dress using Saree.
5. Syntax studies grammatical relationships outside of words, in units called sentences, while semantics learns about meaning. This is very much influenced by age, because when they were children they did not know the structure of the sentence or what it meant. Sometimes, children can only say without knowing what it means. Because, the relationship between the two is very much influenced by age.
Name: Khaerani Nurfadilah
ReplyDeleteNIM: 181230134
Class: TBI 6D
1. Yes because, without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. The brain involved in understanding written and spoken language and in the context of language, the brain work to store sentence structure, vocabulary and important formulas.
2. There are the advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching:
• Knowing the student abilities
• Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching.
• Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
3. Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative).
4. Bilingualism is who someone can use two language and it is good because have the ability to speak two languages. And bilinguals come from diverse environments influenced by various factors that include family and cultural values.
5. Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child’s sentence; And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Are they influenced by the people’s ages? Yes, they influenced by ages, as the syntactic development and semantic development will increases as a child gets older.
Name : murdevi (181230156)
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI 6D
1. Yes, the brain has an important role in the language process. Both spoken and written language is a tool to express the contents of the mind. The way the brain works in the language system is the brain as a tool for storing memory and information. Through the brain, the language is processed to reveal everything. In the use of language, there is a process of turning thoughts into code and changing code into thoughts.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching are: To provide a teaching using language according to the school level. Like teaching elementary school children to use language that is easy to understand, psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties, Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. A person can have aphasia because it is caused by a stroke or brain injury with damage to one or more parts of the brain that are related to language. Aphasia can also be caused by a brain tumor, brain infection, or dementia such as Alzheimer's disease.
No, its different with dyslexias. Dyslexia is a condition of learning disabilities in a person caused by the person's weakness in reading and writing activities, this occurs because of a neurobiological disorder that affects the part of the brain involved in language processing. It can also occur due to genetic factors.
4.Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well, namely someone who has the ability to master two languages: the first language (mother tongue) and other languages.
Yes, culture influenced him on that. Because language runs with a system of behavior and culture. And the era of globalization influences on that, as English develops to other countries.
5. Syntax development is measured using the MLU, or average length of speech, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence. This is in line with the semantic development which is the acquisition of words, their meaning and the relationship between them. The semantic development process: "the strategies formed to learn the meanings of words and relate them to one another change as the internal representations of their language keep changing and become reorganized".
Yes, it is influenced by the age of society. Because these two things increase as the child gets older. This is very much influenced by age, because when they were children they did not know the structure of the sentence or what it meant. Sometimes, children can only say without knowing what it means. Because, the relationship between the two is very much influenced by age.
Name : Bernica Salsabila
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230158/ TBI 6E
Psycholinguistics
1. Yes it does. Based on the findings of scientists Broca and Wernicke, it is concluded that the human language process occurs in the left hemisphere, or left hemisphere. Its position is in the section called broca and wernicke. The process works like encoding and decoding.
- Broca -> encode = do language production
- Wernicke -> decode = do language understanding
But in the end there was a renewal of the theory which states that language skills are not only in the left hemisphere, but also in the right hemisphere can also be trained to function as a place for language activities.
2. - Know the process of acquiring the first and second language
- Know the relationship between language and the brain
- Know how a dialect was created
- Can analyze language pronunciation errors
- Can help teachers understand students who have different levels of intelligence
3. How a person can get aphasia:
- Due to stroke, the absence of blood flow to the brain causes death / damage to the part of the brain that processes language.
- Due to head injury, in this case it will have an impact on memory problems and impaired consciousness
- Due to dementia and Parkinson's disease, which causes decreased function of brain cells. In this condition, aphasia will develop gradually as the disease progresses.
Aphasia and dyslexia are almost similar, the difference is:
- It is difficult for people with aphasia to regulate language and communication when reading or listening
- Dyslexia sufferers find it difficult to read, write and spell a word.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. Of course culture influences the occurrence of bilingualism.
The reason is:
• Culture can make it easier for someone to know and learn more than one language
• Culture can influence a person to participate in learning a second language happily without coercion
• Culture can make a person feel the need to study a second language due to a more group approach
5. Semantics: Studying the meaning / meaning contained in language, code, or other types of representation.
Syntax: Studying the relationship between words in speech.
The linguistic differences between the generations are closely related to the different language choices. This causes the younger generation to "seem" to have a different "language" from the previous generation.
All this happened because:
1. Communication needs are gradually changing and forcing each new generation to adapt language to suit their experiences
2. At certain times the needs and communication skills of the current generation are different from those of their predecessors
Name: Khaulia Hanifa
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230007
Class: TBI 6 A
1. Yes, the brain has an important role in the language process, the process of language occurrence is in the left hemisphere. This hemisphere has areas that hold certain behaviors, in other words the function of language is lateralized. this hemisphere is thus known as Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Broca's area is located in the superior frontal gyrus which plays a role in the process of spoken and written language, as well as speaking skills, while Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus which plays a role in understanding the content of speech. These two areas are both located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex and are side by side connected by a single nerve pathway called the fasciculus arcuata. And there are several stages of how the language is produced. The first consists of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. in the left hemisphere.
2. The advantage of this study for teaching foreign languages is that the first can help the teacher to understand their students who are different in terms of intelligence. The second can find out how the first and second languages were obtained. Third, be able to know why someone can suffer from spoken disease and how to cure it. Fourth, Can help the Teacher in teaching a second language so that the results are good. Fifth Can know how a dialect was created. And sixth Can know how the processes that occur in the brain when speaking.
3. Usually people have aphasia that occurs because of brain damage such as stroke, brain damage due to head injury, brain tumor, or encephalitis, Aphasia and dyslexia are not the same because dyslexia is a disorder in the learning process characterized by difficulty reading, writing. Meanwhile, aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain. But these two diseases can equally affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening.
4. I think that bilingualism is the habit of using two or more languages in a language society. And usually not influenced by culture but by the environment such as how he interacts with his family, the environment.
5. Yes, both of them have a relationship, both syntactic and semantics because semantics are things that learn about the meaning of a word and other language elements, while Syntax is a grammar that discusses the relationship between words in speech, both have a relationship with each other which functions so that a sentence or the expression can be well structured, clear and correct, so that it can be understood by the interlocutor. But both can also be affected by age, because when they were children, they didn't know what the sentence structure was or what it meant. Sometimes, children can only say without knowing what it means.
Nurafia Widianingsih (181230015) – TBI 6A
ReplyDelete1. The brain has an important role in the language process. Therefore, the signals from what humans see, hear, and feel will be sent to the brain so that the brain will process and directly be spoken by humans.
2. The advantage is to know and understand the abilities and skills possessed by students in learning foreign languages, and to control the development of thinking and understanding of students in learning foreign languages.
3. Aphasia is a brain disorder that can affect a person's speaking and writing skills, this can occur because the part of the brain that regulates language skills is damaged due to injury or illness such as stroke, brain tumor, etc. So that it can cause loss of ability to speak. While, dyslexia is a disruption in the learning process characterized by difficulties in reading, writing and spelling.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. Culture can affect this because someone who lives in a place with diverse cultural differences will make them learn and get used to various languages.
5. Syntactic and semantic development are closely related because in a language skill this is a very important component, and everyone has differences in terms of syntax and semantics.
Name: Hayu Amalia
ReplyDeleteStudent Number: 181230003
Class: TBI 6A
1. Yes, because human brain has a several areas that are specific to language processing and production. understand language. the areas are Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, cerembrum and cerebellum. Especially, in cerebellum that has place to produce language in human brain.
2. Firstly, teacher can develops and improves some task for student based on student language acquisition.
Secondly, teacher can gives some stimulates in language learning that are different for each student.
Thirdly, teacher creates the good environment that supports in language learning for students.
3. Based on my opinion aphasia is different with dyslexia because aphasia is a condition in which a person's brain activity in language acquisition is broken because of brain injury by accidents or disease
such as stroke and brain tumor, meanwhile dyslexia is a learning disorder caused by genetic factors for example cannot read and write as well.
4. Bilingualism is someone ability to communicate two different languages. then, culture has an effect on human bilingualism, because with the community there are two languages for human to do billinguals.
5. Semantic development is the process which involves understand literal meaning of a sentence.Meanwhile, semantic development is the process to understand grammartical things that its meaning can be understood. Hence, they are related each other because syntax is the elements of sentence which can be the object to learn semantics of sentence.
In my opinion, both of them can be influenced by people’s age. both of these abilities will develop as long as people life. Therefore, the cognitive function is affect by people ages.
Nama : Nur Hanifa
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230030
Class : TBI 6A
1. Yes, it does. In the human brain there are two parts right and left, both of which are connected by nerves. Both right and left communicate with each other. The right side is responsible for intonation and language inflection, while the more analytical aspects of language are handled by the left side.
2. – Can help teachers to know and learn about psychological factors that may be involved in language learning.
- Psycholinguistics also helps explain mistakes students make in language learning.
3. A person can be said to have aphasia when the part of the brain that contains language understanding is damaged (usually due to a stroke or traumatic brain injury). Aphasia is different with dyslexia. Aphasia is almost the same as dyslexia. Both are equally classified as neurological disorders in the part of the brain that processes language, and can be found in children or adults. Aphasia is almost the same as dyslexia. They are both classified as neurological disorders in the parts of the brain that process language, and can be found in children or adults. The difference is that aphasia is a speech disorder caused by abnormalities in the brain. Generally, sufferers of this condition often mistakenly choose, arrange, and interpret words into correct sentences. While dyslexia is a learning disorder, in which a person has difficulty reading, writing, or spelling.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of a person to speak two languages in social communication and sure, it can influence the personal identity of those living within the culture and boundaries of behavior.
5. Syntax refers to the rules used to combine words to make sentences; Syntax development is the way children learn these rules. When children start school, they can use language in a variety of ways to convey messages. At this point they have also learned how words are combined with other words to form a sentence. Meanwhile Semantic development is the acquisition of the meaning of words. Children tend to use words more broadly than adults and over-extensions and under-extensions are found to be produced. Are they influenced by the people’s ages? Yes, they influence by the people’s ages.
Name : Euis Asterina
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230120
Class : TBI 6 D
answer:
1. As soon as we are born, we learn to communicate with our environment. Growing up, we love to talk to our friends, to our families, and to strangers. We exchange our thoughts and feelings and are eager to learn about the thoughts and feelings of others. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
2. - Psycholinguistics can helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
- Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain.This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening. Aperson can have aphasia because it is caused by brain damage from head injury, brain tumors, or encephalitis can also cause aphasia. different from dyslexia, dyslexia is a condition of learning disabilities in a person caused by the person's weakness in reading and writing activities caused by how the brain processes and processesinformation the child is reading.
4. Bilingualism is a person's ability to use two languages in everyday life. Because bilingual come from diverse environment influenced that by various factors included tha family or cultural values
5. The apparent failure of pure syntactic approaches to early development, and the emerging emphasis on the semantic richness of early utterances, led to an emphasis upon semantic accounts of early grammars (Schlesinger, 1971; Slobin, 1970).
Language development suggests that there is no straightforward way of separating grammatical and lexical development (Bates & Goodman, 1997, 1999): the two are intertwined. Furthermore, there is no evidence for a dissociation between grammatical and vocabulary development in either early or late talkers: we cannot identify children with normal grammatical development but with very low or high vocabulary scores for their age. recent work tends to downplay the role of an innate grammatical module and the attribution of adult-like grammatical competence to young children and they are influenced by Ages.
Dhea Putri Herdiani 181230162/TBI 6E
ReplyDelete1. Yes, of course. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. there is operate in language system. Broca’s area, located in the frontal lobe of the brain, is linked to speech production, and recent studies have shown that it also plays a significant role in language comprehension. Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words. Damage to Broca’s area can result in productive aphasia (also known as Broca’s aphasia), or an inability to speak. Patients with Broca’s can often still understand language, but they cannot speak fluently. Wernicke’s area, located in the cerebral cortex, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language. Damage to this area results in receptive aphasia (also called Wernicke’s aphasia). This type of aphasia manifests itself as a loss of comprehension, so sometimes while the patient can apparently still speak, their language is nonsensical and incomprehensible.
2. Specifically, psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Aphasia is a language disorder caused by damage suffered to certain portions of the brain that are involved in language perception and production. Depending upon the area that is affected, a person suffering from Aphasia may be able to speak fluently but not coherently, and vice versa. At the core of dyslexia is a problem with phonological decoding, the conversion of written symbols into speech sounds. Specifically, people who suffer from dyslexia seem to have difficulty processing phonemes. This has been seen in studies where people suffering from dyslexia are given a phonemic awareness test. Typically, a person with dyslexia will be impaired in their ability to make rhyme judgments, segment words into component phonemes, and recombine speech sounds to form new spoonerisms (Dehaene, 2009).
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual to speak two languages.
between culture and language is crucial to investigations of the bilingual/bicultural brain from the perspective of social and psychological phenomena including studies of language as a cultural identity capable of affecting personality and emotion.
5. Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax.
Yes, since a baby’s one word utterance could be understood as a sentence. To present an example one could look at a child that used ‘dada’ in three different ways: as a question, statement and a demand. For example as the child heard someone outside the door it said Dada? Which could be interpreted, Is that Daddy coming? (Crystal 1997). As the child reaches the age of 18 months it tends to put these single words together into a two-word sentence. People may consider this phase as when the ‘real’ grammar development begins. Certain sentences are possible to analyse grammatically or semantically while others are not.
Name: Syahrini Sovia
ReplyDeleteNim: 181230150
Class: TBI 6D
1.Yes, a brain have an important role in a language process. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. The areas of the brain necessary for language. Spoken word, cognition, and written word all are processed in different parts of the brain in different orders.
*The areas of the brain necessary for processing language:
-Broca’s area, located in the frontal lobe of the brain, is linked to speech production, and works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words.
-Wernicke’s area, located in the cerebral cortex, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
-Auditory Cortex and Angular Gyrus
The primary auditory cortex, located in the temporal lobe and connected to the auditory system, is organized so that it responds to neighboring frequencies in the other cells of the cortex. It is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
2.The advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching:
-It helps to study the psychological factors that are possibly involved in languages learning. Psycholinguistics focuses on the application of the actual language and communication.
-It is necessary to make a decision in applying various methods that allow students to easily understand a language.
3.Aphasia is any language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma, Aphasias provide evidence for localization of language. It is different with dyslexia because dyslexia is a condition that causes reading problems. The disability stems from the confusion of letters that a reader sees, which causes reading problems.
4.Bilingualism is good because is the ability of an individual to speak two languages and have different dimensions including competence, cognitive organization, age of acquisition, the usage of the second language in the community, social status of the two languages and group membership.
-And yes the culture impact on it, because, thus language fluency in bilinguals is associated with assimilation of their two cultures, and the social status of first and second languages or how emotions change when using two languages and how those emotions are an expression of their two internalized cultures.
5.Syntatic and semantic development:
-Syntatic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child’s sentence; this increases as a child gets older. Children automatically develop syntactic rules without explicit instruction; they learn it simply by listening to others speak around them.
-Semantic development is gradual acqusition of words and the meanings they first words are usually produced at around the first year of birth. It is a slow but a gradual process in which a child, perhaps, learns a couple of words a week. -Some social words like bye-bye, hello, etc., object words, and command words are initially learnt.
-Yes, they influenced by people ages: kids go through five stages of syntactic development at stage I between the ages of 12-18 months, Stage II usually between 28 and 36 months, stage III usually occurs between 36 and 42 months, Stage IV between 40 and 46 months, and children reach the stage V from 42 months. And in semantic development also discusses children's age levels master the several words.
Name : Nafa Saniati
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230057
TBI 6 B
MidbTest Psycolinguistic
1.Yes. The brain has the extraordinary ability to store (store) within which the memory system operates. The higher part of the cerebrum, the cerebrum, is not essential for life. The goal seems to be to be able to adapt to the environment. It is in this part that the language appears to be organized. The cerebrum is divided into two parts, the cerebral hemisphere, which is connected to the rest of the brain by a set of bridges. The left hemisphere is used to control the right side of the body and the right hemisphere is used to control the left side of the body.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistic study for foreign language teaching are: 1. Can know the history of birth and psycholinguistic development as an independent discipline. 2. Can assist teachers in understanding different students in terms of intelligence. 3. Can know how the first and second languages were obtained. 4. Can know why someone can suffer from narrative diseases and how to cure them. 5. Can help the teacher in teaching a second language (foreign) so that the results are good. 6. Can know how a dialect was created. 7. Can know how the processes that occur in the brain when speaking.
3. This disorder can occur when the part of the brain that regulates language skills is damaged due to injury or disease. These include strokes, brain tumors, and traumatic brain injuries. Aphasia can develop gradually in people who have progressive neurological disorders. Because of this it can cause dylecia. Namely, a learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties. Dyslexia occurs in children with normal vision and intellect.
4. Billingualism is the habit of using two or more languages interchangeably. The use of bilingual helps a person get to know a foreign culture, because each language operates with a different cultural and behavioral system. By knowing language, a person can get to know the culture of the language, as well as foster tolerance towards other people who have different cultures.
5. Syntax, semantics, and pragmatic can be associated, al1 proportions and respect taken into account, to any triadic concept that begins with the religious trinity: the father, the son and the spirit. Linguisitics is the trinity as a whole where the father is semantics, the son is syntax and the spirit is pragmatics. Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning (s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose (s), the end (s), that holds both semantics and syntax. yes, it is very much influenced by age. because the capacity of children with adults is different. Children's language vocabulary is less, so they tend to be slow in processing the language, both syntactically and semantically.
Name : Rinda Maraqonita
ReplyDeleteNIM : 18123042
Class : TBI 6D
1. Yes, besause language processing is a trait of human species. The knowledge about its neurobiological basis has been increased considerably over the past decades. Different brain regions in the left and right hemisphere have been identified to support particular language functions.
2.The advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching :
•Can develop mind-brain processing language, and less than social science processes, human development, communication theory, and infant development, among others.
•Can master a second language than baby to learn their first language (baby can learn more than one mother tongue easily).
3.One of the brain damage caused by the aphasia earthquake is a stroke. When having a stroke, the absence of blood flow to the brain causes brain cell death or damage to the part of the brain that processes language. Different with Dyslexia is a neurological disorder in the part of the brain that processes language, and can be found in children or adults.
4.Bilingualisme is habit or behavior to use two languages in a language society. Yes, because of this very high level of plurality reflected in the number of regional languages owned and in diversity the customs of the tribes who inhabit it.
5.One can apprehend that the MLU proved to seem decrease than the requirements of different researchers which might also additionally rely upon distinct strategies of counting the MLU in addition to different factors. Nevertheless, one may want to study the improvement of the child’s language in conjunction with backsliding episodes.
Name : Liana Pristia Sianturi
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230174
Class : TBI 6E
(continued answer no.4)
4. yes. bilingualism has an impact on culture. for example, the influence of bilingualism on the development of Indonesian. A person can be said to be bilingual if that person can master 2 languages equally at once, for example Indonesian and English. in Indonesia itself, many Indonesian languages take from English vocabulary, in addition to this, in today's era, many people use a mixture of Indonesian and English in their daily lives such as the words being up, followed, on the way and so on. So, it can be concluded that bilingualism has an impact on a culture.
Hilwa Haniefah
ReplyDelete181230096
TBI 6C
1. Yes, the brain has an important role in the language process. Because the largest part of the brain has a function to regulate or manage cognitive processes in humans, one of which is language. Where in this part of the cerebrum is directly involved in language processing of the cerebral cortex.
2.the advantages of psycholinguistic studies for teaching foreign languages, namely:
- to develop students' language mastery.
- to improve students' language mastery.
3. - A person can have aphasia suddenly after the sufferer has had a stroke or head injury. Aphasia can also be caused by a brain tumor or dementia.
- Aphasia and dyslexia are similar, but they are different. They both have difficulty writing and reading. However, aphasia is caused by brain damage while dyslexia is caused by a disruption in the learning process.
4. - In my opinion, bilingualism is a common thing and now many people are bilingual. So it doesn't matter.
- Does it have an impact on culture? Yes, because they master 2 languages and of course with different cultures will also be applied in their lives. However, it does not matter if a bilingual person follows these 2 cultures and respects cultural differences.
5. - To incorporate absolute grammatical elements into lexical elements. To be able to compose a sentence that can be understood by the interlocutor, it is not enough just to combine a few words with only grammatical rules. Each word suggests which words can combine into one sentence that can be understood by the participants in the conversation.
- Yes. their development is influenced by age
1. Yes. The brain has an important role in the language process. Neurologically, when viewed from the work function of the brain, the receptive language process (decode) and the productive language process (encode) that occurs in the brain is less than optimal, as well as the work functions of the left and right hemispheres that are not in line with the result that the process language acquisition is constrained. The parietal lobe which functions to capture sensory and carry out language functions, and the temporal lobe which functions to determine concrete attitudes and actions, such as assessing, providing planning, organizing agendas, and creativity that need to be stimulated so that the process of acquiring foreign languages can run well and smooth.
ReplyDelete2. Advantages
1). To find out how the language is received and produced by language users
2). to find out how the human brain works related to language
3. Affection is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening.
Aphasia is not a disease, a person can experience aphasias because of symptoms that indicate damage to the part of the brain that regulates language and communication.
Stroke is one of the most common causes of brain damage that triggers aphasia
Aphasias and dyslexia are very different, aphasias is a communication disorder caused by brain damage whereas Dyslexia is a disorder of the ability to read and write. Dyslexia is often seen as a disorder of reading ability, this condition also includes the inability to write well. In other words, dyslexia has been considered a disorder of learning ability, not just reading.
4. Bilingualism is defined as the use of two languages by a speaker in his interactions with other people in turn. A person who can use both languages is called a bilingual person (bilingual), while the ability to use both languages is called bilinguality (bilingualism).
Culture has a very strong impact on bilingualism because in modern times many children imitate foreign cultures, in terms of fashion and language, then apply it to everyday life
5. The semantic relationship with the syntax of the grammatical element is absolutely separate from the lexical element. To be able to compose a sentence that can be understood by the interlocutor, it is not enough just to combine a few words with only grammatical rules. Each word suggests which words can combine into one sentence that can be understood by the participants in the conversation. Both are influenced by the age of the community, adolescents are more likely to use both languages while parents do not use them
Name : Ati Darojatarrofiah
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230196
Class : TBI VI-E
1. Yes, a brain have an important role in language process. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus. The areas of the brain necessary for language. Spoken word, cognition, and written word all are processed in different parts of the brain in different orders.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistic :
• Developing and improving some task for student based on student language acquisition
• Using some technique in teaching English as foreign language for our future student
• Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another
3. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage.
Aphasia is different with dyslexia, when it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia; when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia; and when it affects writing it is called agraphia.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual to speak two languages.
Cuture impact on bilingualism, because individual become by considering three characteristics of second language acquisition: Age of acquisition, language competence, and cultural identity. Some bilinguals learn two languages simultaneously from birth and are described as simultaneous bilinguals. Thus, language fluency in bilinguals is associated with assimilation of their two cultures, and the social status of first and second languages. This linkage between culture and language is crucial to investigations of the bilingual/bicultural brain from the perspective of social and psychological phenomena including studies of language as a cultural identity capable of affecting personality and emotion.
5. Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning, syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s), and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax. Yes it influenced by the people’s age, because the older it gets, the more it grows and matures.
Nama : Shabrina Fitry Annazmy
ReplyDeleteNIM :181230075
Kelas : 6B
The Answer :
1. seen from several sources and experts, From Wernicke's theory it can be clearly seen that the parts of the left hemisphere that are in charge of supporting all language actions. And certain damages that occur in certain parts of the brain are clearly described. Wernicke's theory is in line with Chomsky's theory because they both say that language resides in the brain.
In 1965 Norman Geschwind refined Wernicke's neurolinguistic theory of connectionism with anatomical details that emphasized that any cognitive output must be analyzed based on explicit hypotheses about the brain's underlying neural mechanisms. So that there is a dynamic interaction between inputs and outputs specific brain regions. These predefined areas are: 1) the main auditory cortex, 2) Wernicke's field, 3) the arc fasciculus, 4) Broca's field, and 5) the motor cortex. (Franca) in (Simanjuntak, 2009: 194).
From the findings of experts to people who experience damage to the left hemisphere of the brain which causes these people to experience language disorders, it can be concluded that language is in the left hemisphere of the brain and and the brain greatly affects language.
2. Pycho linguistics can help students' learning difficulties, increase students' motivation and interest in learning, and also students can reduce students' anxiety in learning languages.
3. yes aphasia sufferer is akin to dialexia. Dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading, writing, or spelling. People with dyslexia will have difficulty identifying spoken words and turning them into letters or sentences.
Dyslexia and aphasia are classified as neurological disorders in the part of the brain that processes language, and can be found in children or adults. Although individuals with dyslexia have difficulty learning, this disease does not affect a person's level of intelligence.
4. In my opinion, language does not always affect culture, but there are times when culture affects language, because language procedures must be in accordance with cultural norms. If it is not in accordance with cultural norms, people are often accused of being strange, selfish, arrogant, indifferent, uncivilized and cultured.
5. In the field of syntax, children start speaking with say a single word (or part of a word). In environmental syntax, it greatly affects children's development, so at certain ages, such as 6-9 months, the child already knows people or objects in the surrounding environment, that's why syntax is related to semantics and age greatly affects both.
Name: Syifa Qotrun Nada
ReplyDeleteNIM: 181230062
Class: TBI 6B
1. There would No language without the brain (No brain, no language ) . The human brain has several areas that are devoted to language processing and production. When this area is damaged or injured, the ability to speak or understand can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together for a person to develop, use, and understand language. Areas of the brain required for language processing: Broca's area, Wernicke's area, primary motor cortex, middle posterior temporal gyrus, and middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus. Areas of the brain necessary for language. The spoken word, cognition, and the written word are all processed in different parts of the brain in a different order.
2. In Indonesia there are three kinds language, namely Indonesian, regional languages and foreign languages. Language Indonesian is the national language and the official language of the country. Local language namely the mother tongue or language that is often used daily by children students when interacting with the local community. Meanwhile, language foreign is a language that comes from another country, is used in interactions or scientific activities.
Advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign languange teaching:
-first, being able to find out what mistakes or difficulties you face when learning a foreign language.
-The second can overcome the difficulties faced when learning a foreign language.
3. Aphasia, one or more of the communication modes in the brain have been damaged and are therefore not functioning properly. Aphasia is not caused by damage to the brain that causes motor or sensory deficits, resulting in abnormal speech; That is, aphasia is not related to the speech mechanism but rather to one's language cognition (although a person can experience both problems, especially if they have bleeding that damages large areas of the brain). A person's "language" is a socially shared set of rules, as well as the thought processes that lie behind spoken speech. This is not the result of peripheral motor or sensory difficulties, such as paralysis affecting the speech muscles or hearing loss in general. There is no similarity between aphasia and dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning disability (neurology | pathology) where a person has difficulty reading and writing while aphasia (pathology) is the loss of part or all of language skills due to usually brain damage, damage to the left perisylvian area, including broca's. regions and regions similar to ours, causing aphasia.
4. The term bilingualism in language Indonesia is also called bilingual (Chaer and Agustina, 2010: 85). From the term can already implement what is meant bilingualism, which is associated with the use of two languages or two codes language. Sociolinguistically in general, bilingualism is defined as bilingual usage. or more than an inner talker relationships with other people alternately (Mackey in Chaer and Agustina, 2010: 87). To be able to use two language of course someone has to two language. First, language itself or language language (B I) and second language (B II). People who use language the two are called one bilingual (bilingual). While the ability to use two language is called bilingual.
yes, culture influences bilingulism, because in my opinion everyone we meet is not necessarily the same culture, it must be different. and every culture must have its own language. So automatically when we communicate with other people of different cultures we use the first language, namely Indonesian, whereas usually if the culture is the same it usually means the same language.
5. Syntax is the rule for concatenation words in phrases and sentences. learn how write interrogative sentences, commands, news, etc. Semantics is studying the meaning /acquire vocabulary and their meanings. Yes, of course age is very influential, because each age level has a different language comprehension process.
Nama :Siti Dila Fadillah
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230038
Kelas :TBI 6A
1. yes, the brain has an important role in the language process. because Without a brain there would be no language. The human brain has several areas devoted to language processing and production. When this area is damaged or injured, the ability to speak or understand can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia.
2. the advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching are :
a. Giving the right input and output to be succsessfull in learning language
b. knowing better to achieve language acquisition
c. making the good environment for supporting learning language
3. Aphasia is a disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. For most people, these areas are on the left side of the brain. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly, often following a stroke or head injury, but it may also develop slowly, as the result of a brain tumor or a progressive neurological disease.
dyslexias and aphasia is different. dyslexias is (neurology|pathology) a learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write while aphasia is (pathology) a partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including broca's area and wernike's area, causes aphasia.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively.
yes, cultural have impact in bilingualism. because when people speak by bilingualism that people Can use and learning differen and other language. and when people Learning a different language can make them more aware of cultural differences, they also come to understand why those differences exist and the importance of respecting cultures different from their own.
5. Semantics can explain everything and give meaning; syntax is understood as structure, grammar, lexicon, sound, intonation, is a means to understand and explain meaning; and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax plausible, is an end, an end, which has both semantics and syntax. Syntax development and semantic development will proportionally increase as a person ages
Aulia Rahma / 181230157/TBI VI D
ReplyDeleteThe Answers
1. Yes, it does. There would be no language without the brain. A few areas of the human brain are dedicated to language processing and development. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
-Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words.
-Wernicke’s area, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
-The primary auditory cortex, it is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
-The angular gyrus, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2. The Advantages of Psycholinguistics Study for Foreign Language Teaching :
- Psycholinguistics helps in understanding the students’ mistakes in writing. It has a clear contribution on spelling mistakes since in English words are not spelled as they sound.
- Psycholinguistics knowledge related to listening skill will help teacher to reduce the intrinsic and extrinsic difficulties. Teacher can prepare a listening text with topic that is familiar for students, consisting of 100 words, and including 10 new vocabulary items. Teacher also minds about the reading speed and the noise of environment. 3.
- Psycholinguistics helps learners to reduce the intrinsic difficulties in reading activity by arousing the interest of the students onto the reading text. Teachers need to provide authentic and contextual reading material because if students are not properly exposed to authentic materials they may fail in seeing their relevance to the real world.
- Psycholinguistics related to speaking skill is teachers can apply the appropriate techniques to teach speaking skills by considering the condition of the learner and find interesting topics to be discussed in speaking class.
3. Aphasia is a communication disorder that makes it hard to use words. It can affect our speech, writing, and ability to understand language. A person suffering from Aphasia usually occurs suddenly, often after a stroke or head injury, but it can also develop slowly, as a result of a brain tumor or progressive neurological disease. These disorders impair expression and understanding of language as well as reading and writing. Aphasia can coexist with speech disorders, such as dysarthria or speech apraxia, which are also caused by brain damage. It's more common in older adults, particularly those who have had a stroke.
Dyslexia is a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding). Also called reading disability, dyslexia affects areas of the brain that process language.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of a person to speak two languages in social communication and sure, it can influence the personal identity of those living within the culture and boundaries of behavior.
5. Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child’s sentence; And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Are they influenced by the people’s ages? Yes, they influenced by ages, as the syntactic development and semantic development will increases as a child gets older.
Fika mahfudotun nisa
ReplyDelete181230094
TBI 6 C
1. Yes, because the brain controls
all mobility and bodily functions, including language.
The language process has several stages, namely the process of induction of speech, the process of reading aloud, and the process of understanding speech. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke and is then sent to Broca's area to convert the message into meaningful symbols. Furthermore, in the reading aloud stage, the visual cortex receives in written form and is then transmitted through a gulusan gyro to Wernicke's area and is associated with an auditory image. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by receiving a signal in the auditory cortex from the ear which is then transmitted across Wernicke's area to be translated.
2. - as a provision for a teacher to be able to understand the processes that occur in students when learning language skills.
- can create a good environment that can support language learning during teaching and learning activities.
- know the relationship between language and the brain in processing language.
3. Aphasia occurs suddenly. A person who has aphasia usually has had a head injury or stroke.
Aphasia is not similar to dyslexia because dyslexia is the learning disability of a person in reading and writing, while aphasia is unable to speak well.
4. Having Bilingualism is a good thing because it is able to speak in two languages.
Yes, culture affects bilinguals because they come from a different environment so it can affect language
5. Syntax development is related to semantics because syntax introduces sentence structures such as: "mother bought rice at the shop"
Meanwhile, semantics introduces vocabulary along with its meaning. So syntax and semantics are related.
- Syntax and semantics are influenced by the age of the community because as people get older, the sentence order becomes correct, speaking more clearly so that the meaning is also clear.
ADE IRMA SURYANI
ReplyDelete181230148
TBI 6D
1. Yes definitely, the brain plays an important role in the language process. A few areas of the human brain are dedicated to language processing and development. Broca's area, which is localized in the frontal lobe of the brain, is associated with speech processing and, according to recent research, also plays a role in language comprehension. Broca's region functions in tandem with working memory to help a person to articulate themselves verbally. When these areas are harmed or impaired, speech and understanding skills may be compromised. In order for an individual to develop, use, and understand language, these areas must work together.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching are:
1) Specifically, psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of the four skills (reading, listening, writing and speaking) both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
2) Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. A individual may experience aphasia as a result of an injury or impact on the brain's operating system; however, aphasia is not the same as dyslexia, as it is a language disorder that impacts a person's ability to communicate.
Dyslexia, on the other hand, is a learning disability marked by difficulty reading.
4. Bilingual, as we know is a person's ability to speak in more than one languages, this ability is used to communicate between the person’s mother language and other languages clearly and understandably. And does culture impact on it? Of course, being a bilingual has many benefits and is considered an ability that not everyone can do so that being bilingual does not make a person smarter but makes the brain healthier, more complex, and active.
5.Syntax definition is studies grammatical relationships outside of words, in units called sentences, while semantics is learning about meaning. And yes, they are influenced by the people’s age. Because when they were children, they did not know what the sentence structure was or what it meant. Sometimes, children are only able to say without knowing what it means. So, the syntactic development and semantic development will increases as a child gets older.
Faathir Muhammad Amanullah
ReplyDelete181230124
6D TBI
1. Yes, it does. There might be no language with out the mind. A few regions of the human mind are committed to language processing and improvement. The regions of the mind important for processing language: Broca’s region, Wernicke’s region, the number one motor cortex, the posterior center temporal gyrus, and the center and posterior advanced temporal gyrus.
-Broca’s region works together with running reminiscence to permit someone to apply verbal expression and spoken words.
-Wernicke’s region, is the a part of the mind concerned in information written and spoken language.
-The number one auditory cortex, it's miles accountable for figuring out pitch and loudness of sounds.
-The angular gyrus, is accountable for numerous language processes, which includes quantity processing, spatial popularity and attention.
2. Advantages: 1) Developing and enhancing a few venture for scholar primarily based totally on scholar language acquisition.
2) Giving a few stimulates in language gaining knowledge of which might be distinctive one scholar to another.
3) Creating the best surroundings that helps in language gaining knowledge of for scholar in the course of teaching.
3. Aphasia is any language disease because of mind harm because of disorder of trauma. Or an lack of ability to talk. It is the failure or impairment of language use and comprehension because of a mind damage or dysfunction. When it impacts spoken language it's miles medically defined as aphasia, while it impacts analyzing it's miles referred to as alexia or dyslexia.
4. In my opinion Bilingualism is right due to the fact if a person is categorised as bilingualism it method they've the cappotential to talk languages.
Does way of life effect on it? Sure, it does an effect, it due to the fact Bilinguals come from various environments encouraged via way of means of different factors that consist of own circle of relatives and cultural values.
5. Syntactic improvement is the manner kids examine those rules. Syntactic improvement is measured the usage of MLU, or imply period of utterance, which is largely the common period of a childs sentence; And Semantic improvement is acquisition of words, their meanings and the hyperlinks among them. Are they encouraged via way of means of
the people’s ages? Yes, they encouraged via way of means of ages, because the syntactic improvement and semantic improvement will will increase as a baby receives older.
Name : Asifa Ramadhan
ReplyDeleteCalss : TBI 6E
NIM : 181230183
Answer!
1. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. How Human’s Brain Process Language? Human Voice Input (voice) Respond by temporal lobe and the primary auditory cortex: received, digested, and processed Send to Wernicke's Area Interpreted (In this area sounds broken down into syllables, words, phrases, clauses, and finally the sentence) Voice and information understood. Memory (no need verbal respond) Broca’s Area (need verbal response) In Broca’s Area… Prepare Sound verbal response Send to the motor cortex (an utterance there is at least 100 muscle and neuromuscular barrage involved 140,000) Sound be considered not only the order of words and sound sequences, but also the order of the features of the sounds.
2. To help us as a teacher to more understand that every student have a different active area in their brain, example there is a commonly use the left brain or right brain. Also to finding out the children with anomaly so we Can early exposure to the symptoms.
3. Aphasia is caused by damage to one or more of the language areas of the brain. Most often, the cause of the brain injury is a stroke, head injury, celebral tumors and degenerative disease. It is different with the dyslexias The latest science reveals that the dyslexic brain processes written words differently. They are relying more on Brocca's areas in the left frontal lobe of the cerebrum whereas strong readers rely more on areas toward the back of the brain, sometimes called the 'wordform' area between the Occipital and Temporal lobes (close to, but not exactly at, Wernicke's area). For efficient, non-dyslexic readers, this area at the back left of the brain is very active during fluent reading; words are being recognized here at lightning speed! It's almost like a Read Only Memory databank of words you know by heart. Those with dyslexia aren't tapping this high powered area; instead they are compensating by using more real estate in the front of the cerebrum, which isn't as effective. Over time dyslexics tap portions of the right hemisphere to supplement their reading skills. However, these areas are not as efficient for reading, so they end up as slow but accurate readers using a lot more brain effort for less results. In terms of causes of dyslexia, this inefficient pattern of brain activity is right at the top of the list.
4. I think bilingualism has been shown to have many social, psychological and lifestyle advantages. Moreover, researchers are finding a swathe of health benefits from speaking more than one language, including faster stroke recovery and delayed onset of dementia.yes, of course because Culture can influence a person to happily engage in learning a second language without pressure,,Culture can make a person feel the need to study a second language due to a more group approach , Culture can make a person feel the need to study a second language due to a more group approach
5. Children learn these rules through syntactic development. length of utterance, is a measure of a child's sentence length; and semantic development is the acquisition of words, their meanings, and the connections between them. Yes people ages can influenced because The different language choices are closely related to the linguistic variations between generations. As a result, the younger generation appears to speak a different languag than the older generation. The language will be more increase fro one generation to another generation
Name : Nur Rasmayanti
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI-VI-B
SRN : 181230066
1. Yes, Most of this language-related brain activity likely occurs on the left side of the brain
Language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how that communication is processed and understood. Language processing is considered a unique human ability that is not produced with the same grammatical understanding or systematicity even in human's closest primate relatives.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistic studies for foreign language teaching are: 1) that helps to study the psychological factors that may be involved in language learning. 2) psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Aphasias is a condition that robs you of your ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write, and understand language, both spoken and written. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly after a stroke or head injury. But it can also come gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive and permanent (degenerative) damage. The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and extent of brain damage.
Aphasias and dylexias are different. The difference between dyslexia and aphasia is that dyslexia is a learning disability (neurology - pathology) in which a person finds it difficult to read and write while aphasia (pathology) is the partial or total loss of language skills due to usually brain damage, damage to the left perisylvian area, including the broca area. and wernike areas, causing aphasia.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of a person or community member to use two languages effectively. Cultural context in language determines how students interact and shape perceptions of various situations. If they don't understand the culture behind the language, they won't understand how the language should be used in context.
5. Syntax refers to the rules used to combine words to make sentences; Syntax development is the way children learn these rules. Semantic development is the acquisition of words, their meaning and the relationship between them. The semantic development process is a strategy that is formed to learn the meaning of words and relate them to one another changing because the internal representation of their language is constantly changing and being reorganized. yes, syntax development and semantic development are influenced by the age of the people. Children automatically develop syntactic rules without explicit instructions; they learn it simply by listening to other people talk around them.
Name: Septi Indi Anggraeni
ReplyDeleteNIM:181230013
Class: TBI 6A
1. It is important because without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus
2. Following will be described some advantages of psycholinguistics theories in language learning and teaching
a. In the teaching listening skill: Psycholinguistics knowledge will help teacher to reduce the intrinsic and extrinsic difficulties. Teacher can prepare a listening text with topic that is familiar for students, consisting of 100 words, and including 10 new vocabulary items. Moreover, teacher can increase students’ interest and motivation by designing an interesting and comfortable class.
b. In the teaching writing skill: Psycholinguistics helps to find interesting topic to write. It serves to decrease the level of the difficulties in writing. It helps to specify the writing levels and writing types. It pins down the mechanic mistakes on punctuation and suggests certain cures for them.
c. In the teaching reading skill: Psycholinguistics helps learners to reduce the intrinsic difficulties in reading activity by arousing the interest of the students onto the reading text.
d. In the teaching speaking skill: With the knowledge, teachers can apply the appropriate techniques to teach speaking skills by considering the condition of the learner and find interesting topics to be discussed in speaking class.
3. Aphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions.. Dyslexia is defined by the main two international classifications as a specific and persistent learning disability affecting the acquisition and development of the written language code (reading and spelling) and causing significant handicap to academic achievement and/or activities of daily life. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4. bilingual person is someone who speaks two languages. A person who speaks more than two languages is called 'multilingual' (although the term 'bilingualism' can be used for both situations. This linkage between culture and language is crucial to investigations of the bilingual/bicultural brain from the perspective of social and psychological phenomena including studies of language as a cultural identity capable of affecting personality and emotion
5. Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purposes, the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax. The age is very influence the growth of the language. For example in children Ages.Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child’s sentence, and gradual acqusition of words and the meanings they carry (first word they learn)It is a slow but a gradual process in which a child, perhaps, learns a couple of words a weekSome social words like bye-bye, hello, etc. are initially learned. -Words learning speeds up dramatically after several months when first words are produced.
Name: Nur Haliza
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230005
Class: TBI 6 A
1. Yes, it does. the brain is very important to master speech, perceive speech and convert it into speech. Multiple areas of the brain must work together in order for a person to develop, use and understand language. The brain also the object that is the center of control of all systems in the human body, including a person's language ability which is also controlled by the brain.
2. The advantages are:
• Teachers may find it helpful to learn how to interact effectively with students who have various levels of foreign language proficiency.
• To know the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood.
3. Aphasias is different from dyslexia. Aphasia refers to a condition in which children fail to master meaningful utterances at the age of 3 years. Many factors are thought to cause this condition, including speech organ disorders, mental retardation, deafness, or the attitude of parents who are too protective of their children so that they do not allow children to socialize with their peers. However, the factor that is alleged to be the main cause of this disease is damage to the nervous system of the brain.
Dyslexia is a disorder in the development of reading and writing that generally occurs in children aged 7 to 8 years. Characterized by difficulty learning to read fluently and difficulty in understanding even though it is normal or above average. These include difficulties in the application of the Phonology discipline, language skills / verbal comprehension.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to use two languages.
5. Syntax studies grammatical relationships outside of words, in units called sentences, while semantics learns about meaning. Semantics is the acquisition of words, their meaning and the relationship between them. This is of course influenced by age.
Nama : Ainun Maulina
ReplyDeleteNim : 181230160
Kelas : Tbi 6E
1. Ya, otak memiliki peran penting dalam proses bahasa. Baik bahasa lisan maupun tulisan adalah alat untuk mengungkapkan isi pikiran. Cara kerja otak dalam sistem bahasa adalah otak sebagai alat untuk menyimpan memori dan informasi. Melalui otak, bahasa diproses untuk mengungkapkan segalanya. Dalam penggunaan bahasa, terjadi proses mengubah pikiran menjadi kode dan mengubah kode menjadi pikiran.
2. Psikolinguistik membantu memahami tantangan dari keempat kemampuan ini baik masalah alam maupun tantangan asing. Psikolinguistik juga membantu menjelaskan kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa.
3. afasia (aphasia) adalah sebuah sindrom pada sistem saraf (neurologis) yang merusak kemampuan bahasa. Memori otak mereka mengalami kecacatan. Orang yang menderita penyakit ini akan mengalami kesulitan dalam mengekspresikan pikiran dan sulit memahami serta menemukan kata-kata saat berkomunikasi.
4. Bilingualisme adalah kemampuan untuk terlibat dalam dua bahasa yang berbeda. Karena kedua bahasa berevolusi dalam suasana orang dwibahasa, budaya berpengaruh pada bilingualisme manusia. Mereka berbaur dengan komunitas saat kedua bahasa ini bersentuhan.
5. Tentunya karena faktor fisiologis yang meliputi organ-organ penghasil suara seperti mulut dan fungsi otak.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNama: Nur 'Afifah Zafa
ReplyDeleteNIM: 181230077
Class: TBI 6B
1. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
The areas of the brain necessary for language. Spoken word, cognition, and written word all are processed in different parts of the brain in different orders.
2. advantages for English Learner
1. Knowing better to achievep language acquisition
2. We have our strategies that different one to another for achieving language acquisition.
3. Giving the right input and output to be successful in learning language.
4. Advantages for English Future Teacher
1. Developing and improving some
task for student based on student language acquisition.
2. Using some technique in teaching English as foreign language for our future student.
3. Giving some stimulates in language learning that are differest one student to another.
4. Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching
3. Aphasia is not caused by damage to the brain that results in motor or sensory deficits, which produces abnormal speech; that is, aphasia is not related to the mechanics of speech but rather the individual's language cognition (although a person can have both problems, particularly if they suffered a hemorrhage that damaged a large area of the brain). An individual's "language" is the socially shared set of rules, as well as the thought processes that go behind verbalized speech. It is not a result of a more peripheral motor or sensory difficulty, such as paralysis affecting the speech muscles or a general hearing impairment.
There are not similarity between aphasia and dyslexia
Dyslexia is (neurology|pathology) a learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write while Aphasia is (pathology) a partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including broca's area and wernike's area, causes aphasia.
4. The term bilingualism in language
Indonesia is also called bilingual (Chaer and Agustina, 2010: 85). From term already can
implemented what is meant bilingualism, that is, with regard to the use of two languages or two codes language. Sociolinguistically
in general, bilingualism is defined as a bilingual usage or more an inner speaker his association with other people
alternately.
First, language itself or language (B I) and the second language
(B II). People who use language these two are called the ones
bilingual (bilingual).
The ability to use two
language is called bilinguality.
yes, culture influences bilingulism, because on my opinion we meet is not necessarily the same culture, it must be different. Every culture must have its own language. So automatically when we communicate with other people of different cultures we use the first language, namely Indonesian, whereas usually if the culture is the same it usually means the same language.
5. Syntactic are rules for concatenating words in phrases and sentences. learn how
compose interrogative sentences, orders, news.
Semantics are studying meaning / acquire vocabulary and their meanings.
Yes of course age really affects, because each age level has a different language comprehension process.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteAnnisa Nabila Rizqa
ReplyDelete181230047
TBI 6B
1. Yes it does. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia (A loss of the ability to produce or understand language). These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. 1) psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills (speaking,reading,writing,listening) both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
2) Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3) Study psycholinguistics also defines some kinds of brain disorders that affect language learning performance.
3. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage. No, Aphasia and Dyslexia is'nt similar. Because, dyslexia is only difficult to read and write, but Aphasia is total loss or partial of language skill.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively.
In its simplest form, bilingualism is defined as “knowing” two languages (Valdez & Figueora, 1994).
However, a major difficulty occurs in defining what it means to “know” a language.
Some bilinguals are highly proficient in both language. and THE IMPACT OF BILINGUALISM is The bilingual brain has more integrity than the monolingual brain.
Speaking a second language is on par with learning a complex task like playing an instrument.
Bilingualism can delay the onset of cognitive impairments like Alzheimer’s A recent study has found that bilingualism has a positive effect on the brain’s structure.
5. Sntax and semantics are closely related. Both have a bond. Age can affect because each individual has different stages of learning. For example, in young children, getting good language from childhood has an impact on later in life. It is at a young age that the development of children's cognitive abilities is being formed, therefore age is very influential.
Name : Lilis Rosita Jamil
ReplyDeleteNim : 181230140
Class : TBI 6D
1. The role of the brain in human communication lies in and the language process arrangement is two-way, back and forth between speakers and listeners. This is what allows a speaker then can be a listener, and a listener then can
become a speaker. The process occurs alternately, theoretically goes too long and long, but it can actually take place in a short time and fast because it is controlled by the brain.
2. To help solve complex human problems in language learning,and we know how the processes that occur in the brain when speaking
3. Aphasias is the loss or impairment of the use andJor understanding of language due to some type of brain injury or dysfunction. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia; when it affects reading it is called dyslexia.
4. Bilingualism is defined as the use of two languages. or more an inner speaker his association with other people. I think there are things to be grateful for, because Bilingualism in local languages can support planning and development of the national language. Does culture have an impact? Yes, because here Bilingualism can stop the symptoms of code switching and mixing code in speakers.
5. Syntaxic development consists of children learning and producing single word utterances that function as phrases or sentences.Semantic development is the acquisition of the meaning of words. Children tend to use words more broadly than adults and over-extensions and under-extensions are found to be produced.
Name : Siti Mariam
DeleteNIM : 18123P130
Class : TBI VI D
1. Yes it does. Brain very important in language prosses. Where the role each brain structure involved in language production. Several areas of the brain must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
The Operate in language learning are :
a). Broca’s area is primarily responsible for language production; damage to this area results in productive aphasia.
b). Wernicke’s area is primarily responsible for language comprehension; damage to this area results in receptive aphasia.
c). The primary auditory cortex identifies pitch and loudness of sounds.
d). The angular gyrus is responsible for several language processes, including (but not limited to) attention and number processing.
2. Advantages of pschyolinguustic in study
a). Giving the right input and output to be succesful in learning language.
b). Whe have our stategies that different one to another for achieving language acquisition
c). Creating the good environment that support in language.
3. Aphasia and dyslexias are the similiar of Interference in development languages.
Both of them caused by Genetic abnormality. A brain injury, for example, when a child is born. Severe injury or trauma to the brain of other diseases, such as stroke. So it make Interference in language, which influences production or understanding toward speech and the ability to read or write.
4. Bilingualism is the regular use of two or more languages by a person or within a speech community.
So, it impact on culture, becayse Language relationships with culture are very close, even often difficult to identify relationships between the two because they influence one another, mutual fill and walk side by side.
5. 5. syntactic and semantic development.
Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Both Are influenced the people’s by ages. the syntactic development and semantic development will increases as a child gets older.
Name: Sopia Ranti
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230037
Class: TBI 6 A
1. Yes it is. Broca's area is an important part of language formulation - even if someone has the motor ability to form the sounds neces for words, Broca's area is necessary to form and express language.
The angular gyrus assembles information to help us understand words and concepts.
Insular cortex buried underneath the outer lobes of the cerebral cortex. The insular cortex is important for many functions, including motor control, emotion and self-awareness, but is also important in the processing of language.
Wernicke's area works with the angular gyrus, insular cortex and basal ganglia to process words and word sequences to determine context and meaning.
2. - Psycholinguistics has provided numerous theories that have been very useful in the field of language teaching. Some experts use them as the basic theories in developing language teaching methods.
- Psycholinguistics helps to study the psychological factors that are possibly involved in languages learning.
- Psycholinguistics focuses on the application of the actual language and communication. It is necessary to make a decision in applying various methods that allow students to easily understand a language.
- Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage. Aphasia and dyslexia are not the same. Aphasia is an inability to use language, either receptively, i.e. understand spoken language, or expressively, i.e. speak meaningful language. While dyslexia is a learning disorder, and comes in a number of varieties, e.g. visual for written language, auditory for spoken, etc. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia; when it affects reading it is called dyslexia.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively.
Yes it does. Bilinguals come from diverse environments influenced by various factors that include family and cultural values.
5. Syntax is the study of sentences and phrases, or how people put words into the right order so that they can communicate meaningfully. Semantics, most generally, is about the meaning of sentences. It is about words and what real-world object or concept those words denote, or point to.
Syntactic development and semantic development are common in children as they learn to speak. But this can also happen to adults who are learning a foreign language.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName: Yasmin Aulia Mumtaz
ReplyDeleteNim: 181230018
Class: TBI 6A
1. Yes, Because language processes are carried out by networks of neurons in the brain. the left hemisphere plays a dominant role in speech and language comprehension in the vast majority of right-handers and a substantial majority of left-handers. the superior frontalis gyrus which plays a role in the process of spoken and written language, as well as the ability to speak, meanwhile in the superior temporalis gyrus which plays a role in understanding the content of speech.
2. - The teacher can understand the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that the teacher can know who has problematic language skills.
- Teachers can see from a psychological point of view as an alternative solution.
3. Aphasia occurs because of a head injury, and can grow from a brain tumor. I think aphasia and dyslexia are almost similar, because they have the same problem, namely the brain. In aphasia reflected brain damage interfering with language comprehension and production processes; and brain damage in the language centers did not adversely affect patients’ ability to think. Meanwhile Dyslexia is a disease that is usually hereditary, which makes it difficult for a person to read, write and often forget. But someone dyslexic has a level of intelligence above average or normal.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak 2 languages, first is the mother tongue and the second is another language. Bilingualsm has an impact on culture, because language and culture are interconnected.
5. Syntax is the grammatical structure of sentences. While Semantics is the study of meaning. Both greatly affect age, syntax and semantic development will develop with age. At the age of the children they do not understand sentence structure. They just speak without knowing the meaning.
Annisa Riyana Hamdani
ReplyDelete181230078
TBI 6B
1. Yes it does. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia (A loss of the ability to produce or understand language). These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2.
1) Psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills (speaking,reading,writing,listening) both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
2) Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3) Study psycholinguistics also defines some kinds of brain disorders that affect language learning performance.
3. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage. No, Aphasia and Dyslexia is'nt similar. Because, dyslexia is only difficult to read and write, but Aphasia is total loss or partial of language skill.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively.
In its simplest form, bilingualism is defined as “knowing” two languages (Valdez & Figueora, 1994).
However, a major difficulty occurs in defining what it means to “know” a language.
Some bilinguals are highly proficient in both language. and THE IMPACT OF BILINGUALISM is The bilingual brain has more integrity than the monolingual brain.
Speaking a second language is on par with learning a complex task like playing an instrument.
Bilingualism can delay the onset of cognitive impairments like Alzheimer’s A recent study has found that bilingualism has a positive effect on the brain’s structure.
5. Syntax and semantics are closely related. both have a bond. age can affect because each individual has different stages of learning. For example, in young children, getting good language from childhood has an impact on later in life. it is at a young age that the development of children's cognitive abilities is being formed, therefore age is very influential.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName: siti Nurkholipah
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230036
Class: TBI 6A
Subject: Psycholinguistic
1. Brain is very important for human because without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. How does it operate in language system are in Broca’s area, located in the frontal lobe of the brain, is linked to speech production, and recent studies have shown that it also plays a significant role in language comprehension. Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words. Wernicke’s area, located in the cerebral cortex, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language. In Wernicke's area, the spoken input is divided into syllables, words, phrases, clauses, sentences and given meaning and understanding. If the input does not need a response then the input will be taken to the memory area. If the input requires a verbal response, the input is carried over to Broca's area. Then from Broca's area, the input is carried to the area of the motor cortex which commands limb movement.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching are: for the first, to empower students to understand their own learning process, the study of linguistics equips teachers with the background to visualize how learners interact with their learning, with a series of understandings to best concoct learning situations in which students, besides acquiring and developing language skills, also enhance their learning process as a whole. Second, psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Damage to Broca’s area can result in productive aphasia (also known as Broca’s aphasia), or an inability to speak. Patients with Broca’s can often still understand language, but they cannot speak fluently. However Dyslexia is a neurological condition that does not allow a child to develop a ‘reading brain’. The exact cause for dyslexia is still not clear, however, anatomical and brain imagery studies depict differences in the way the brain of a person with dyslexia develops and functions.
4. I think humans are not wrong in combining two curry languages because bilingual's cognitive abilities prove that he can do work in many different ways. At its most basic, these assisted humans have consistently proven to be able to solve puzzles faster than those who only speak one language. Someone who has the ability to communicate in two or more languages is also known to have great individual benefits, especially with regard to memories. It is proven that those who have the ability can concentrate on work and make better decisions and of course culture influences that all apart from that bilinguals come from diverse environments influenced by various factors that include family and cultural values immigration status he present focus on the role of cultural background is motivated by increasing studies suggesting how culture plays an important role in attention.
5. Semantics development is the one that can explain everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntactic development make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax and it influence by the people ages for example, children reach the school age, we find that children use four main sentence types. And just like adults, children choose the sentence type based on adults.
ReplyDeleteNama : Asriati
Nim : 181230106
Kelas : TBI 6C
UAS PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
1. #Yes, because Without the brain, there would be no language. Language is the highest activity of the human brain that is not owned
any creature. Language allows humans to formulate
his mental experience. What did he perceive with his senses, that is
processed by the brain, which is experienced by his later life experiences
expressed through language.
#Inside the brain is Broca's area, which is located in the frontal lobe of the brain and is responsible for language processing. Through extensive research, neuroscientists say that Broca's area is capable of understanding language through memory, meaning and emotion.
2. #The advantage in teaching foreign languages is that psycholinguistics can be used as an approach in the teaching and learning process. Besides that, the psychological aspect is the most important thing that must be considered by teachers. This can learn the character of each student besides that it can motivate and arouse students' enthusiasm in learning foreign languages, and can reduce student anxiety in learning languages.
3. #Aphasia is most often caused by disorders of the parts of the brain that regulate language and speech skills, and is usually most often caused by strokes. However, any type of damage to the brain can cause aphasia. For example, trauma to the brain, tumors in the brain, and other brain disorders that worsen over time.
#No, because even though they both have impaired reading and writing abilities, actually it is different because aphasias is caused by several factors, one of which often occurs because of stroke, while dyslexia, one of which is caused by heredity (Gen).
4. #bilingualism is a person's ability to master two languages. Having the ability of more than one language can certainly provide its own advantages. Because when someone who can speak two languages will certainly be able to communicate more easily with many people on a broader scale, compared to people who only speak their mother tongue.
#Yes, because language is part of culture, cultural differences between one another, resulting in a language that is also present, then the creation of bilingualism in a person is due to the mingling of one culture with another. For example, when a person who comes from Korea then lives and settles in Indonesia, naturally a Korean will also master the Indonesian language which makes him a bilingual.
5. #Syntax is the science of governance that describes the relationship between language elements to form a sentence that is good and true, while semantics is the study of the meaning / meaning contained in a language, code, or other types of representation. In other words, semantics is the study of meaning. Both have a relationship with each other because the development of syntactic science makes it easier to understand semantics.
#.Yes. Because of different ages, their grammar, understanding and knowledge are different.
agung satria
ReplyDelete181230129
TBI 6D
1. Yes important, because The brain is divided into distinct anatomical faculties that are directly responsible for specific cognitive functions. Left hemisphere is superior for language, rhythmic perception, temporal-order judgments, and mathematical thinking skills Right hemisphere does better in pattern-matching tasks, recognizing faces, and spatial orientation. It does, the language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. Furthermore, in the reading aloud stage, the visual cortex receives in written form and is then transmitted through a gulusan gyro to Wernicke's area and is associated with an auditory image. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by receiving a signal in the auditory cortex from the ear which is then transmitted across Wernicke's area to be translated.
2. Advantages:
1) Developing and improving some task for student based on student language acquisition.
2) Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
3) Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching.
3. Aphasia is a language disorder due to damage to parts of the brain, both in Broca's area (speech disorder) and Wernicke's area (understanding disorder). Or Aphasia is any language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma. It is the failure or impairment of language use and comprehension as a result of a brain injury or dysfunction. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4. Bilingual is a person's ability to use two languages. The first language comes from the mother, while the second language is another language that is learned after the first language. it has an impact because he is more mature, he will get to know a lot about culture because the scope is wider when foreign languages enter, like when he was sitting in school, he would be taught English.
5. Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Are they influenced by the people’s ages? Yes, they influenced by ages, as the syntactic development and semantic development will increases as a child gets older.
Name : Agtrisya tamara putri
ReplyDeleteStudentID :181230043
Class : TBI 6B
1. Yes it does. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia (A loss of the ability to produce or understand language). These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. 1) psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills (speaking,reading,writing,listening) both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
2) Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3) Study psycholinguistics also defines some kinds of brain disorders that affect language learning performance.
3. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage. No, Aphasia and Dyslexia is'nt similar. Because, dyslexia is only difficult to read and write, but Aphasia is total loss or partial of language skill.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively.
In its simplest form, bilingualism is defined as “knowing” two languages (Valdez & Figueora, 1994).
However, a major difficulty occurs in defining what it means to “know” a language.
Some bilinguals are highly proficient in both language. and THE IMPACT OF BILINGUALISM is The bilingual brain has more integrity than the monolingual brain.
Speaking a second language is on par with learning a complex task like playing an instrument.
Bilingualism can delay the onset of cognitive impairments like Alzheimer’s A recent study has found that bilingualism has a positive effect on the brain’s structure.
5. syntax and semantics are closely related. both have a bond. age can affect because each individual has different stages of learning. For example, in young children, getting good language from childhood has an impact on later in life. it is at a young age that the development of children's cognitive abilities is being formed, therefore age is very influential.
Winah Nurbaini Anisa
ReplyDelete181230100
TBI 6c psychoolinguistics
1. Yes , Language processes include stages that involve the induction of speech, the process of reading aloud, and the process of understanding speech.
The production of speech takes place within wernicke's area and is then sent to broca's area to convert messages into meaningful pairs of symbols. During the hard reading stage, the visual cortex receives in written form and is rashed through the gularis girdles to the wernicke area and is associated with an image of auditorists. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by the receiving of a signal in the auditory cortex of the ear and then transmitted across the wernicke area to be translated.
2. Psychoolinguistics can be used as an approach to learning teaching. It is important to increase the motivation and interest of students in learning, as well as students can reduce student anxiety in learning language.
3. Signs of damage to the part of the brain that regulates language and communication. Both learning difficulties can materialize as a flaw in one or more academic subjects, both in specific subjects such as reading, writing, math and spelling; Or in the various general skills such as listening, speaking, and thinking.
4. Bilingualism is used in two languages by a speaker in his association with others by alternating. Influenced by a few external factors of family life, social life, and technological progress,
5. Syntax in programming language involves a set of phrases allowed from a language, while semantics expresses the underlying meaning of the phrase.
Name: Sonia Oktaviani
ReplyDeleteNim: 181230145
Class: 6D TBI
My answers of mid test psycholinguistic
1. Yes. Because without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
2. • Knowing better to achieve language acquisition
• We have our strategies that different one to another for achieving language acquisition
• Giving the right input and output to be successful in language acquisition
• Making teh good environment for supporting in learning languages.
• Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Dyslexia; (neurology, pathology) A learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write.
word-blindness
Aphasia; (pathology) A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernike's area, causes aphasia.
I think there are have the similarity in difficulty of learning, but the causes is different.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to use two languages or more. Language and culture are so intertwined that learning a foreign language both builds cultural understanding and provides deep insights into how other people see the world.
So bilingualism and culture are give the impact to each other. There are have positively and negatively impact.
5. Language development in humans is a process starting early in life. Infants start without knowing a language, yet by 10 months, babies can distinguish speech sounds and engage in babbling.
Yes, people are age can influenced because The different language choices are closely related to the linguistic variations between generations. And syntactic and semantic development have related to each other.
Name : Rega Mellisa Putri (181230093)
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI 6C
Middle exam : Psycholinguistics
1. Yes a brain have an important role in language process. A brain operate it language system in human communication lies in controlling and
the language process arrangement is two-way, back and forth between
speakers and listeners. This is what allows a speaker
then can be a listener, and a listener then can
become a speaker. The process occurs alternately, theoretically
goes too long and long, but it can actually take place
in a short time and fast because it is controlled by the brain.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics are a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, rakes can see from a psychological point of view as an alternative solution and solve complex human problems in learning language, because apart from dealing with language problems. it is also related to language activities. As we know, language activities do not only take place in a mechanistic process, but also mentalistic, which means that language occurs as a result of mental activity (brain) processes. Psycholinguistics can help overcome these language activity problems.
3. I think people with aphasias and dyslexics are the same because they both have trouble finding words, and they lose the ability to speak, read, or write.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively. Culture has an impact on it because someone is learn or live In a culture, she or he will learn languages easily.
5. Syntax development is related to semantics with children learning meaning or acquire vocabulary and their meaning after that the children learn how to compose interrogative sentences, orders, news and etc.
Name: Moh Faiz
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230056
Class: TBI 6B
1.because Language and thought are closely related to each other. with the brain we can connect the vocabulary that has been memorized and control the mind for the pronunciation of language sentences that are already related to each other, the mind can cannot be separated from language, because language is an expression mind. Without language, a person cannot convey something His thoughts and they would never be able to carry out by other people. So, language is a way of understanding one's thoughts
2.-psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills (speaking,reading,writing,listening) both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
-Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. I think Aphasia is a brain disorder that can affect a person's speaking and writing skills. This can cause sufferers to lose the ability to properly speak and understand other people. This occurs when the part of the brain that contains language comprehension is damaged (usually as a result of a stroke). People with aphasia often have trouble finding the right words to use. They tend to use the wrong words and change their pronunciation. For example, they will say, "dishwasher", which means "dishwasher." Because they don't do it on purpose (not even realizing it), they can become frustrated when other people don't understand what they're trying to say.Dyslexia is the most common learning difficulty and the most recognized reading disorder. There are other difficulties with reading but not related to dyslexia.
4. bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages equally or almost as well. Technically this opinion refers to the knowledge of two languages, how to level by a person.
The anthropological approach looks at it from how a person uses his language selection to express his cultural values. In addition, globalization provides a pattern or a different lifestyle that affects each individual or group. This needs to be paid attention, that in a language is also a culture.
5. Developments in Syntax and Semantics.
Preschool children also learn and apply syntactic rules (Lieven, 2008; Tager Flushberg & Zukowski, 2009). They show progress in mastering complex rules related to how words are ordered. Early childhood is also marked by an understanding of mastering semantics. The development of vocabulary occurred dramatically (Pan & Uccelli, 2009). Some experts conclude that between the ages of 18 and 6 years, young children learn a new word every hour (except while sleeping) (Gelman & Kalish, 2006). By the time they enter the first grade of primary school, it is estimated that the children are already familiar with 14,000 words (Clark, 1993).
Nama : Nurul Azmi Agisni
ReplyDeleteNim :181230071
Kelas : TBI 6B
1. The brain is the key to our existence, but there is still much to go before neuroscience can truly grasp its extraordinary capacities. For now, our Brain Control series explored what we know about language acquisition by the brain.
When you read something, you first need to look at the words and then interpret them by determining their context and meaning. This complex process involves many parts of the brain.
If you listen to other people read, then you are using the auditory cortex not far from your ears. The regional systems in the back and middle of your brain help you interpret text. Most of this language-related brain activity likely occurs on the left side of your brain. But some people use the same mix of both sides and, some, some have a proper predominance of language.
2. - Developing and improving some task for student base on student language acquisition
- creating the good enviroment that suports in langsung learning for student during teaching.
3. Aphasia gets in the way of a person's ability to communicate, but it doesn’t impair intelligence. People who have aphasia may have a hard time speaking and finding the "right" words to complete their thoughts. They may also have problems understanding conversation, reading and comprehending written words, writing words, and using numbers. People with aphasia may also repeat words or phrases.
And is that dyslexia is (neurology|pathology) a learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write while aphasia is (pathology) a partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including broca's area and wernike's area, causes aphasia.
4. Defining bilingualism in just a few words is not easy, as each individual has different bilingual characteristics. There may be distinctions between ability and use of a language, or differences in proficiency between the two languages.
A large body of literature suggests that bilingualism strongly influences attentional processes among a variety of age groups. Increasing studies, however, indicate that culture may also have measurable effects on attentional processes. Bilinguals are often exposed to multiple cultural backgrounds, therefore, it is unclear if being exposed to multiple languages and culture together influence attentional processes, or if the effect themselves are uniquely linked to different attentional processes and explores the relevancy of different attentional processes-alerting, orienting, and executive control-to language and to culture.
5. The apparent failure of pure syntactic approaches to early development, and the emerging emphasis on the semantic richness of early utterances, led to an emphasis upon semantic accounts of early grammars, Language development suggests that there is no straightforward way of separating grammatical and lexical development
Furthermore, there is no evidence for a dissociation between grammatical and vocabulary development in either early or late talkers: we cannot identify children with normal grammatical development but with very low or high vocabulary scores for their age. recent work tends to downplay the role of an innate grammatical module and the attribution of adult-like grammatical competence to young children and they are influenced by Ages.
Nama : Nurul Azmi Agisni
ReplyDeleteNim :181230071
Kelas : TBI 6B
1. The brain is the key to our existence, but there is still much to go before neuroscience can truly grasp its extraordinary capacities. For now, our Brain Control series explored what we know about language acquisition by the brain.
When you read something, you first need to look at the words and then interpret them by determining their context and meaning. This complex process involves many parts of the brain.
If you listen to other people read, then you are using the auditory cortex not far from your ears. The regional systems in the back and middle of your brain help you interpret text. Most of this language-related brain activity likely occurs on the left side of your brain. But some people use the same mix of both sides and, some, some have a proper predominance of language.
2. - Developing and improving some task for student base on student language acquisition
- creating the good enviroment that suports in langsung learning for student during teaching.
3. Aphasia gets in the way of a person's ability to communicate, but it doesn’t impair intelligence. People who have aphasia may have a hard time speaking and finding the "right" words to complete their thoughts. They may also have problems understanding conversation, reading and comprehending written words, writing words, and using numbers. People with aphasia may also repeat words or phrases.
And is that dyslexia is (neurology|pathology) a learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write while aphasia is (pathology) a partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including broca's area and wernike's area, causes aphasia.
4. Defining bilingualism in just a few words is not easy, as each individual has different bilingual characteristics. There may be distinctions between ability and use of a language, or differences in proficiency between the two languages.
A large body of literature suggests that bilingualism strongly influences attentional processes among a variety of age groups. Increasing studies, however, indicate that culture may also have measurable effects on attentional processes. Bilinguals are often exposed to multiple cultural backgrounds, therefore, it is unclear if being exposed to multiple languages and culture together influence attentional processes, or if the effect themselves are uniquely linked to different attentional processes and explores the relevancy of different attentional processes-alerting, orienting, and executive control-to language and to culture.
5. The apparent failure of pure syntactic approaches to early development, and the emerging emphasis on the semantic richness of early utterances, led to an emphasis upon semantic accounts of early grammars, Language development suggests that there is no straightforward way of separating grammatical and lexical development
Furthermore, there is no evidence for a dissociation between grammatical and vocabulary development in either early or late talkers: we cannot identify children with normal grammatical development but with very low or high vocabulary scores for their age. recent work tends to downplay the role of an innate grammatical module and the attribution of adult-like grammatical competence to young children and they are influenced by Ages.
Name : Nanda Siti Radela
ReplyDeleteStudent ID : 181230054
Class : TBI – VI B
Course : PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Lecturer : Dr. Hj. Selnistia Hidayani, M. Pd
1. We will illustrate, in particular, how babies' and children's brains are tuned to comprehend language, and how changes in the brain during development act as preconditions for language learning. Understanding language is a mechanism that requires at least two essential brain regions to collaborate in order to occur. This would be unlikely without the links that enable these brain regions to communicate with one another. During infancy and adolescence, the nerve fibers that make up these connections form and evolve, providing an increasing underpinning for the ability to learn and use language.
2. Psycholinguistics' Advantages:
1. Language development may occur between the ages of 0 and 5 years.
2. Language cannot be taught to other species.
3. There is a common language in the language (Language Universal)
4. Culture is just the tip of the iceberg in addressing any of the potential differences in recent research on bilingual cognitive benefit. Other considerations to consider when accessing bilingual cognitive benefit include simultaneous vs. linear learning and/or unbalanced vs. balancedness between languages in bilingualism.
3. Aphasia (aphasia) is a genetic condition that impairs language abilities. Their brain memory is impaired. People suffering from this condition will have trouble finding emotions as well as knowing and understanding vocabulary while speaking. Of necessity, this can create complications in the sufferer's life. Since one of the most critical aspects of life is connection. Often, this condition strikes suddenly following a stroke or a brain injury.
Dyslexia is a disorder in which a person has trouble reading, writing, and spelling. Dyslexia symptoms must be identified at a young age so that parents can have more suitable coping styles for their children. The following is an overview of the reasons and methods for preventing dyslexia that you should be aware of.
4. individual’s cultural background plays a vital role in the development of the alerting and executive control networks, which have also been reported as part of the bilingual advantage. The absence of a cultural or bilingual influence on the orienting network means that the effect is only responsive in complex attentional contexts, such as information retrieval and maintenance, avoidance, and perceptual versatility of signals and target stimuli. As a result, attentional mechanisms that grow more slowly could be more vulnerable to language and cultural influences.
5. The semantic and syntactic features of true belief papers contribute to their sophistication.
Proopositional attitudes are expressed by verbs such as believe, know, anticipate, regret, and so on, which denote a relationship between an individual (the subject) and a proposition (the embedded clause). Thus, a sentence such as "Peter believes Susan is a spy" reflects Peter's attitude toward the proposition "Susan is a spy," namely his assumption that this proposition is valid. The embedded proposition must be valid in order for the attitude ascription to be right (“Susan is a spy”) does not have to be true; only the subject's attitude toward the proposition represented by the matrix verb has to be true (i.e., it must be true that Peter indeed holds such a belief).
This adds a level of semantic ambiguity to the interpretation of belief ascriptions: in order to read belief ascriptions, one must determine the validity of the matrix clause (“Peter believes...”) in the real universe and the embedded proposition (“Susan is a spy”) in a domain distinct from the actual world, usually conceptualized as the repertoire of all possible universes consistent with the subject's beliefs.
Nama: Yanti Apriyani
ReplyDeleteNim: 181230027
Class: TBI-6A
Subject: Pshycholinguistics
Answer
1. Yes, the brain is very important in operate in language because it is very related. The human brain is divided into the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere controls the left limb (especially the paired limb), while the left hemisphere controls the right limb. Likewise with the functional system in thinking, the right hemisphere of the brain is more concerned with processing ideations that are not in the form of language. In contrast, the left hemisphere processes ideation in the form of language. The parietal lobe which functions to capture sensory and carry out language functions, and the temporal lobe which functions to determine concrete attitudes and actions, such as assessing, providing planning, organizing agendas, and creativity that need to be stimulated so that the process of acquiring foreign languages can run well and smooth.
2. In my opinion, the advantage of this psycholinguistic learning in language teaching is that it can find out the function of language in the brain, what is language, how does it work, how does language work if someone has a disorder. Another advantage is that I can understand and think what part of my brain works and what results are there in my brain in language processing, besides that I also understand about someone who has language deficiencies. And this pshycholinguistics lesson is very good because I get new knowledge and can extend my knowledge.
3. Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the part of the brain that contains language (usually in the left cerebral hemisphere of the brain, which is the dominant brain). Individuals with damage to the right side of the right cerebral hemisphere of the brain may have difficulties beyond speech and language problems. Aphasia can cause difficulty speaking, listening, reading and writing, but it does not affect intelligence. The cause of aphasia is brain damage due to head injury, brain tumor, or encephalitis. Yes, it is almost similar, but there is a difference, namely that dyslexia is a condition of learning disabilities in someone caused by difficulties in that person in reading and writing activities. The main cause is due to a deficiency in the cereblum and genetic factors. Dyslexic sufferers experience problems with phonology, recall of words, systematic or sequential arrangement, short-term memory and understanding of syntax.
4. Bilingualism is as good a mastery of two languages as native speakers. The general concept of bilingualism is the use of two languages by a speaker in his interactions with other people in turn. Most residents of the United States and Europe speak two or more languages. In Canada, Belgium and Switzerland nearly all residents speak more than one language. In Africa, Tanzania and Malaysia bilingualism is also found among the population. So bilingualism depends on the culture, but on oneself because not every country / culture uses bilingualism. In Indonesia, bilingual cases are a case that is experienced by almost more than half of Indonesians. Indonesian people on average master the local language and Indonesian, especially the variety of speech. bilingualism can have a positive impact and have a profound effect on individual development.
5. In acquisition in the field of Syntax, namely Saying one word or part of a word. This word, for children is actually a full sentence, develops the grammatical level of the resulting sentence through several stages, namely through imitation, through morpheme classification, and through arrangement by placing words together to form sentences.
In acquisition in the field of Semantics, namely using certain words based on the similarity of motion, size, and shape. So the age is very impact the development of language.
Nama: Muzdalifah
ReplyDeleteNIM: 181230072
Class: TBI 6B
1. Yes, because without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
The areas of the brain necessary for language. Spoken word, cognition, and written word all are processed in different parts of the brain in different orders.
2. advantages for English Learner: Knowing better to achievep language acquisition, we have our strategies that different one to another for achieving language acquisition, Giving the right input and output to be successful in learning language and making the good environment for supporting in learning language
advantages for English Future Teacher : Developing and improving some
task for student based on student language acquisition, Using some technique in teaching English as foreign language for our future student, Giving some stimulates in language learning that are differest one student to another and Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching
3. Aphasia, one or more modes of communication in the brain have been damaged and are therefore functioning incorrectly. Aphasia is not caused by damage to the brain that results in motor or sensory deficits, which produces abnormal speech; that is, aphasia is not related to the mechanics of speech but rather the individual's language cognition (although a person can have both problems, particularly if they suffered a hemorrhage that damaged a large area of the brain). An individual's "language" is the socially shared set of rules, as well as the thought processes that go behind verbalized speech. It is not a result of a more peripheral motor or sensory difficulty, such as paralysis affecting the speech muscles or a general hearing impairment.
There are not similarity between aphasia and dyslexia
Dyslexia is (neurology|pathology) a learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write while Aphasia is (pathology) a partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including broca's area and wernike's area, causes aphasia.
4. The term bilingualism in language Indonesia is also called bilingual. term already can implemented what is meant bilingualism, that is, with regard to the use of two languages or two codes anguage. Sociolinguistically
in general, bilingualism is defined as a bilingual usage.
yes, culture influences bilingulism, because in my opinion everyone we meet is not necessarily the same culture, it must be different. and every culture must have its own language. So automatically when we communicate with other people of different cultures we use the first language, namely Indonesian, whereas usually if the culture is the same it usually means the same language.
5. Syntactic are rules for concatenating
words in phrases and sentences. learn how
compose interrogative sentences, orders, news, etc. Semantics are studying meaning / acquire vocabulary and their meanings.
Yes, because age really affects, because each age level has a different language comprehension process.
Nama : Salma Aida Maftuhah
ReplyDeleteKelas : TBI 6B
NIM : 181230068
1. Yes it does. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia (A loss of the ability to produce or understand language). These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. 1) psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills (speaking,reading,writing,listening) both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
2) Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3) Study psycholinguistics also defines some kinds of brain disorders that affect language learning performance.
3. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage. No, Aphasia and Dyslexia is'nt similar. Because, dyslexia is only difficult to read and write, but Aphasia is total loss or partial of language skill.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively.
In its simplest form, bilingualism is defined as “knowing” two languages (Valdez & Figueora, 1994).
However, a major difficulty occurs in defining what it means to “know” a language.
Some bilinguals are highly proficient in both language. and THE IMPACT OF BILINGUALISM is The bilingual brain has more integrity than the monolingual brain.
Speaking a second language is on par with learning a complex task like playing an instrument.
Bilingualism can delay the onset of cognitive impairments like Alzheimer’s A recent study has found that bilingualism has a positive effect on the brain’s structure.
5. syntax and semantics are closely related. both have a bond. age can affect because each individual has different stages of learning. For example, in young children, getting good language from childhood has an impact on later in life. it is at a young age that the development of children's cognitive abilities is being formed, therefore age is very influential.
Siti Ifat Fatimah - 181230076 - TBI 6B
ReplyDelete1. Yes it does. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. (1) Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning. (2) Psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills (speaking,reading,writing,listening) both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. (3) Study psycholinguistics also defines some kinds of brain disorders that affect language learning performance.
3. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage. No, Aphasia and Dyslexia is'nt similar. Because, dyslexia is only difficult to read and write, but Aphasia is total loss or partial of language skill due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernike's area.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively. In its simplest form, bilingualism is defined as “knowing” two languages. However, a major difficulty occurs in defining what it means to “know” a language. Some bilinguals are highly proficient in both language and the impact of bilingualism is the bilingual brain has more integrity than the monolingual brain. Speaking a second language is on par with learning a complex task like playing an instrument. Bilingualism can delay the onset of cognitive impairments like Alzheimer’s A recent study has found that bilingualism has a positive effect on the brain’s structure.
5. Syntax and semantics are closely related. both have a bond. age can affect because each individual has different stages of learning. For example, in young children, getting good language from childhood has an impact on later in life. it is at a young age that the development of children's cognitive abilities is being formed, therefore age is very influential.
Name : Reni Mutiara
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230060
Class : TBI 6 B
1. The brain has a very important role in language, because language is also an important and complex thing to learn in various aspects of life. Humans begin to learn and acquire language from infancy by listening to or imitating their parents.
The brain operates in a language system by processing, storing, and producing.
2. a) To understand foreign learning abilities from a psychological point of view.
b) Can know how the processes that occur in the brain when speaking.
c) Developing and improving some
task for student based on student language acquisition.
3. Someone who has aphasia disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening. Generally, people with aphasia will make the mistake of choosing and arranging words into a correct sentence. However, this condition does not affect the level of intelligence and memory of the sufferer.
Different to aphasia, dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading, writing, or spelling. However, people with dyslexia will find it difficult to identify spoken words and convert them into letters or sentences.
4. Bilingual is a person's ability to use two languages. The first language comes from his mother, while the second language is another language that is learned after the first language. Before being known as an intuitive ability, being a bilingual has been considered a deficiency because it is considered to slow down the growth of children by forcing them to use energy to distinguish several languages. Along with the development of increasingly modern times, being a bilingual turned out to have many benefits and be assessed as a ability that not everyone can do.
5. Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning (s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose (s), the end (s), that holds both semantics and syntax. This influenced a person's age. Because when children start school, they can use language in a variety of ways to convey messages. At this point they have learned that when words are combined with other words, they are for sentences. This sentence should fit a certain pattern, and develop an awareness of that type of sentence. When children reach school age, we find that children use four main types of sentences. And just like adults, children choose sentence types based on adults.
Ade Putri Astini
ReplyDelete181230079
6B
1. Of course, Language and mind are firmly related to each other. The mind cannot be separated from language, since language is expressions of minds. Without language, one can not be able to convey things in his/her minds and they are never be able to be understood by the others. Thus, language is the way to grasp one’s thought.
Broca proposes three formulas regarding the relationship of the brain to language: 1) articulation of language in the front convolution to the three left hemispheres of the brain, 2) present predominance of the left hemisphere in language articulation; 3) the language of understanding the assignment constitutes cognitively distinct from producing language
2.- Can know how the processes that occur in the brain when speaking.
-Can find out why someone can suffer from narrative diseases and how to cure them.
3. Aphasias is different from dyslexia. Aphasias is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate. It can occur suddenly after a stroke or head injury, or it can appear slowly from a growing brain tumor or disease. Adverse dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties. Dyslexia occurs in children with normal vision and intellect.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. Bilingualism is a matter of using two languages such as regional and national languages in communicating to get a clear picture of certain information.
5. The introduction of syntax begins when children are able to combine words (two words or more). This ability is usually present in children as young as two years of age or older. Thus, the holofracist stage is associated with the development of syntax encoding.
Name : iin fatimah
ReplyDeleteClass : tbi 6e
Nim : 181230184
1. Yes a brain have an important role in a language process, operate in language system There are two language processes in the brain. First, is the productive language process (encoding). The productive language process or encoding is an activity that produces news, messages and messages, speaking and writing are included in the productive language process (encode) which is processed in the brain, the speaking and writing process in the brain involves the left and right hemispheres, as well as the frontal lobe. The second language process is the receptive language process (decode). The receptive language process or decode is the process of receiving news, messages, and messages. The decode process is in the form of a language process that is accepting, listening and reading skills include a receptive decode process that is processed in the brain, Decoding activities do not process input in the form of spoken and written input in the form of spoken will enter the temporal lobe first, to be precise in the cortex primary hearing. Then the input is taken to Wernicke's area. In Wernicke's area, the spoken input is divided into syllables, words, phrases, clauses, sentences and given meaning and understanding..
2. The advantage is to be used in understanding the acquisition of the first language as well asin learning a second language or a foreign language, and psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Afasia is a communication disorder caused by brain damage. These disorders can affect ability to speak and write, as well as understanding words while reading or listening. Most afasians would be wrong to select and string words together in the correct sentence. These conditions, however, did not affect the level of a sufferer's intelligence and memory. They are not equal while Dyslexia is one type of learning disorder that makes it difficult for children to read, write, spell, or speak clearly. But they have a high IQ.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to use two languages, closely related to the acquisition of a second language. The acquisition of language is closely related to how children acquire words, meaning, structure, and pragmatics. It has nothing to do with the process that's going on in the mind and attitude of the child,
5. Syntax and Semantics are closely related. both have a bond. age can affect because each individual has different stages of learningThe introduction of syntax begins when children are able to combine words (two words or more). This ability is usually present in children as young as two years of age or older. Thus, the holofracist stage is associated with the development of syntax encoding,
Nama : Syiva Ana Eka Putri
ReplyDeleteKelas : TBI 6 A
Nim 181230004
1. Yes it does. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. Without the brain, there would be no language. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca’s area, located in the frontal lobe of the brain, is linked to speech production, and recent studies have shown that it also plays a significant role in language comprehension. Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words. Wernicke’s area, located in the cerebral cortex, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language. The primary auditory cortex, located in the temporal lobe and connected to the auditory system, is organized so that it responds to neighboring frequencies in the other cells of the cortex. It is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds. The angular gyrus, located in the parietal lobe of the brain, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2. Psycholinguistics helps to study the psychological factors that are possibly involved in languages learning. also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning. psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics focuses on the application of the actual language and communication. It is necessary to make a decision in applying various methods that allow students to easily understand a language.
3. Language defecit acquired after brain injury called aphasia. Aphasia is a loss of language due to damage to the brain, usually from a stroke or brain injury. The most devastating kind of linguistic deficit is the total unability to communicate using language, the patient cannot speak more than a few words or syllables and understands very little. And they are different, dyslexia is a learning disorder, and comes in a number of varieties, e.g. visual for written language, auditory for spoken, etc. Dyslexia is difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words. Also called reading disability, dyslexia affects areas of the brain that process language.
4. I think bilingualism has a lot of benefits. by being bliligual will increase our brain power, by learning language our brain becomes healthy and sharp. Improve competitiveness in the job market. Speaking a second language can provide more job opportunities, depending on which languages you speak. Improve social life. Speaking a second language opens up a whole new range of social opportunities and can enhance your social skills and confidence. Does culture impact on it? Sure, it does an impact, it because Bilinguals come from diverse customs, ideas, and perspectives from different cultures. Bilinguals come from a variety of backgrounds, affected by a variety of factors such as family and cultural values.
5. Syntax is study of the linguistic structure and every language item interrelates and correlates grammatically with other items at the sentence level through sets of fixed rules.
Semantics is the study of meaning at mainly two different, basic levels: the Word and the sentence. It is primarily concerned with the meaning of sentences. It's all about words and the real-world entity or idea they denote or refer to.Children's syntactic and semantic development are normal when they learn to speak. Adults learning a foreign language, on the other hand, can experience this.
Name : Fidella Nur Arofah
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230016
Class : TBI 6A
1. Yes, brain has an important role in the language process, because the human brain can be divided into three, namely the cerebrum (Cereberum), cerebellum (Cerebellum), brain stem. The part of the brain that is most important in language activities is the cerebrum. The part of the cerebrum the direct interaction in language processing is the cerebral cortex. Cerebral cortex is the part that looks like white blobs and is as the largest part in the human brain system. This section is a helper or process office cognitive in humans, and one of them of course is language.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching are:
a. Knowing better to achieve language acquisition and have strategies that different one to another for achieving language acquisition.
b. Giving the right input and output to be successful in learning foreign language and making good environment for supporting in learning language.
3. Someone have aphasias is most often caused by a disturbance in the part of the brain that regulates language and speech skills. In most people, this part is located on the left side of the brain. Aphasia is most often caused by a stroke. However, any type of damage to the brain can cause aphasia. For example, trauma to the brain, tumors in the brain, and other brain disorders that worsen over time.
They are not the same as dyslexia, because dyslexia not only limited to a person's inability to compose or read sentences in reverse order but also in various kinds of sequences, including from top to bottom, left and right, and difficulty accepting orders that must see memory in the brain.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of person to use two language. Culture impact on bilingualism, because bilingualism come from diverse environments influenced by various factors that include family and cultural values.
5. Syntactic development relates to semantic development, because semantic development is the acquisition of words, their meaning and the relationship between them. The semantic development process: the strategies formed to learn the meanings of words and relate them to one another change as the internal representations of their language keep changing and become reorganized. Syntax development is the way children learn these rules. Syntax development is measured using the average length of speech, which is basically the average length of the child's sentences; this increases with age of the child. Yes, they influenced by the ages of the people, because each age level has a different language skills and different language comprehension process.
Name : Ega Susmita
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230033
Class :Tbi 6 A
Answer
1.according to Paul Broca and Carl Wercnicke, it has been proven that Broca's area is located in the superior frontal gyrus which plays a role in the process of spoken and written language, as well as speaking skills, while Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus which plays a role in understanding the content of speech. These two areas are both located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex and are side by side connected by a single neural pathway. Neurologically, when viewed from the work function of the brain, the receptive language process (decode) and the productive language process (encode) that occur in the brain are less than optimal, as well as the work functions of the left and right hemispheres which are not in line with the result that the language acquisition process is constrained. The parietal lobe which functions to capture sensory and carry out language functions, and the temporal lobe which functions to determine concrete attitudes and actions, such as assessing, providing planning, organizing agendas, and creativity that need to be stimulated so that the process of acquiring foreign languages can run well and smooth.
2.Psycholinguistics is the study of language behavior, both visible and invisible behavior: reception, perception, language acquisition, language production and the processes that occur in it. Examples of visible behavior in language are human behavior when speaking and writing or when he produces language, while examples of invisible behavior are human behavior when understanding what is being listened to or read so that it becomes something he owns or processes something he will say or write or when he is reading or reading. understand language. The role of psycholinguistics in language learning is very important because by understanding psycholinguistics a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, rake can see from a psychological point of view as an alternative solution.
3.Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written.
Aphasia and dialexias is different
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. use of two languages such as regional language and national language in communicating to get a clear picture of certain information.
Yes, it is very impactful, the reason is because language is an impermanent trait, so the age of time, the more language also increases
5. Syntax is parts of the grammar or grammar subsystem. Syntax, which is also called sentence structure, is a grammatical study of sentences. In syntax, words become the smallest units which form larger grammatical units. In general, syntactic practice limits the conversation to the sentence, meaning to consider the sentence as the largest unit even though in fact the sentence is not the largest unit in the language.
The English word semantics, which in Indonesian becomes semantic, comes from Greek. Sema 'sign' (noun) or the verb samaino 'marks', 'means'. The word was later approved by linguists as a term for the field of linguistics that discusses meaning, which is one of the three levels of language analysis: phonology, grammar and semantics. It is not true that the grammatical element is absolutely separate from the lexical element. To be able to compose a sentence that can be understood by the interlocutor, it is not enough just to combine a few words with only grammatical rules. Each word suggests which words can combine into one sentence that can be understood by the participants in the conversation.
Yes, influence
1. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
ReplyDeleteThe areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
The areas of the brain necessary for language.
2. the advantages or benefits that can be felt after we study psycholinguistics is, we can understand the language of other people, and can understand the characters of others. especially in foreign languages, we can increase our confidence in communicating and can more easily understand languages, especially foreign languages.
3. A person can experience aphasia if he has an accident or impact that can interfere with the working system of the brain, aphasia is not the same as dyslexia, because aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate.
Meanwhile, dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties.
4. individual’s cultural background plays a vital role in the development of the alerting and executive control networks, which have also been reported as part of the bilingual advantage. The absence of a cultural or bilingual influence on the orienting network means that the effect is only responsive in complex attentional contexts, such as information retrieval and maintenance, avoidance, and perceptual versatility of signals and target stimuli. As a result, attentional mechanisms that grow more slowly could be more vulnerable to language and cultural influences.
5. The relationship between syntax and semantics is so that a sentence or expression can be arranged properly, clearly and correctly, so that it can be understood by the interlocutor. but age can affect the sentence to be expressed, because when our opponent is older, the sentence we express must be kind and polite.
Name : Anisa fauziah
DeleteNim : 181230164
Class : TBI 6E
1. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
The areas of the brain necessary for language.
2. the advantages or benefits that can be felt after we study psycholinguistics is, we can understand the language of other people, and can understand the characters of others. especially in foreign languages, we can increase our confidence in communicating and can more easily understand languages, especially foreign languages.
3. A person can experience aphasia if he has an accident or impact that can interfere with the working system of the brain, aphasia is not the same as dyslexia, because aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate.
Meanwhile, dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties.
4. individual’s cultural background plays a vital role in the development of the alerting and executive control networks, which have also been reported as part of the bilingual advantage. The absence of a cultural or bilingual influence on the orienting network means that the effect is only responsive in complex attentional contexts, such as information retrieval and maintenance, avoidance, and perceptual versatility of signals and target stimuli. As a result, attentional mechanisms that grow more slowly could be more vulnerable to language and cultural influences.
5. The relationship between syntax and semantics is so that a sentence or expression can be arranged properly, clearly and correctly, so that it can be understood by the interlocutor. but age can affect the sentence to be expressed, because when our opponent is older, the sentence we express must be kind and polite.
Name : Annisa Nurfadillah
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230055
Class : TBI 6B
1. Yes, brain have an important to role in a language. the language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. Furthermore, in the reading aloud stage, the visual cortex receives in written form and is then transmitted through a gulusan gyro to Wernicke's area and is associated with an auditory image. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by receiving a signal in the auditory cortex from the ear which is then transmitted across Wernicke's area to be translated.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics (2advantages):
a. Solve problems in language
The first psycholinguistic.
b. Explain language psychologically and linguistically.
3. Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening.
Generally, people with aphasia will make the mistake of choosing and arranging words into a correct sentence. However, this condition does not affect the level of intelligence and memory of the sufferer.
Both aphasia and dyslexia are both included in neurological disorders in which sufferers have difficulty understanding, expressing and carrying out learning activities, such as learning in English.
4. Bilingualism is a person's ability to speak using 2 languages, including the first language is the mother tongue / regional language with the national language, or it could be the scope of the national language with the second language, for example English. Bilingual initially became a topic of conversation that led to linguistic disorders because early research explained that bilingualism is a slow process for a person to speak in language. But today, bilingual is a communication process that can only be done by certain people and is included in an advanced language process. so that the first research is considered wrong.
The relationship between bilingual languages and culture is very binding, a person's ability to understand a regional language with other languages has improved a lot. for example: mother tongue or regional language and national language (Indonesia); the language culture in Malaysia that uses bilingual is using Malay with a mixture of English.
5. Syntax in sorting sentences requires semantic assistance, for example to determine whether a sentence is a news or declarative sentence, a command or imperative sentence, and an interrogative or interrogative sentence. This determination is based on the content of the sentence or its meaning, which we know is the realm of semantics.
Then, to analyze the role of sentence constituents, syntax needs help from semantics. Syntax functions, such as subject, predicate, object, are categorically filled by nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc., and semantically filled by the roles of agentive, active, objectid, benefactive (Surono, 2014: 5).
In terms of age, the effects of syntamsis and semantics must be adapted to the psychology of each age. so that with this, age also influences the digestion of each linguistic order.
Sabilah rahmatika
ReplyDelete181230121
TBI 6D
1. Yes, of course. Because the brain since it was first created has the potential to exceed any potential that the universe has. Within the tiny nerve cells, there is a tremendous amount of power. The brain is the largest library ever. The brain provides the tools for uniquely human activities. Language is the highest activity of the human brain that is not owned by any creature. Language enables humans to formulate their mental experiences. What did he perceive with his senses that is processed by the brain, which is experienced by his life experience and then expressed through language. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. There are operates on a language system:
• Broca’s area
• Wernicke’s area
• The primary auditory
• The angular gyrus
2. The advantages:
• Psycholinguistics helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning
• Psycholinguistics also can helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties
3. Aphasia is a brain disorder that can affect a person's oral and written communication skills. It causes a person to lose his ability to use language correctly and understand other people. It occurs when the part of the brain that contains language is damaged (usually by stroke). A person with aphasia often struggles to find the right words to use. They tend to use made-up words and switch sounds within words. For example, they may say, "wish dasher" when they mean "dishwasher." Because they are not doing it on purpose (they are not even aware of it), they can get frustrated when other people do not understand what they are trying to say. This disorder can also affect their listening and reading skills. But it does not have any impact on a person's intelligence. The two are different whereas dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects the ability to read, spell, write and speak. Dyslexia has nothing to do with a person's intelligence, because this disorder is a neurobiological disorder that affects the part of the brain involved in language processing. There are three main types of dyslexia, and the three of them have different degrees. The three types of dyslexia are as follows:
• Dysnemkinesia, which is a type that involves motor skills. This causes writing difficulties when composing letters. People with this type usually write letters backwards. •
• Dysphonesia, which is a type that involves listening or hearing skills. This causes difficulty with pronouncing words or understanding unfamiliar words.
• Dyseidesia, which is a type that involves visual skills. This results in difficulty or inability to know or understand the written word. It also causes difficulty knowing words by voice.
4.Bilingualism is the habit or behavior of using two languages in a speech community. Bilingualism occurs in bilingual or even multilingual societies, namely people who use two or more languages in communicating between members of the community. Yes, of course it is very influential because you can still learn about other cultures without knowing a second language, but language learning really allows for a more immersive experience.
5.Syntax studies grammatical relationship outside of words, in units called sentences, while semantic learns about meaning. This is very much influenced by age, because when they were children they did not know the structure of the sentence or what it meant. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them.
Sekar Septiani
ReplyDelete181230144
TBI 6 D
1. Yes, the brain has an important role in language processing. Without a brain, there can be no language. The human brain has several areas that are devoted to language processing and production. When this area is damaged or injured, the ability to speak or understand can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together for a person to develop, use, and understand language. The area required to process Language is
• Broca's area
Broca's area, which is located in the frontal lobe of the brain, is associated with speech production. Broca's area works in conjunction with working memory to enable a person to use verbal expressions and spoken words.
• Wernicke area
Wernicke's area, which is located in the cerebral cortex, is the part of the brain involved in understanding spoken and written language.
• Auditory Cortex
The Auditory Cortex, which is located in the temporal lobe and connected to the auditory system, is arranged in such a way that it responds to adjacent frequencies in other cortical cells. It is responsible for identifying the pitch and loudness of the sound.
• Angular Gyrus
The angular gyrus, which is located in the parietal lobe of the brain, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition, and attention.
2. the advantages are :
• Psycholinguistics can be used as an approach in the teaching and learning process, because by understanding psycholinguistics a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, the teacher can see it from a psychological perspective as an alternative. the solution.
• By understanding psycholinguistics, teachers have a way to increase students 'motivation and interest in learning, so that students can reduce students' anxiety in learning languages.
3. Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening. Aphasia occurs when the frontal and temporal lobes in the brain, especially on the left side of the brain, experience shrinkage (atrophy). This will affect the language center in the brain. Abnormal scar tissue and protein can also occur. In addition, aphasia can also occur due to brain damage due to head injury, stroke, tumor, infection, blockage, and rupture of blood vessels in the brain. As a result, the blood supply to the brain will be disrupted and cause brain cells to die. In addition, the language area in the brain will also be damaged.
This aphasia does have similarities with dyslexia, because dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects reading, spelling, writing and speaking abilities.
4. Bilingualism, as we know it is a habit or behavior to use two languages in a language society (public speech). Culture certainly has an impact on bilingualism, because, bilinguals emerge due to a diverse environment that is influenced by various factors, including cultural factors.
5. Syntax is the linguistic branch of studying grammar, while semantic is the linguistic branch that studies meaning. Progress is measured using the MLU, or average length of speech, based on the average length of a child's sentence. Syntax and semantics are built by human age, because, of course, the learning process starts when they are children. Because when they were children, they didn't know what sentence structure was or what it meant. Sometimes, children can only speak without indicators. Thus, syntactic development and semantic development will increase with increasing age of the child.
Name : Afifah Nur Hidayati
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230034
Class : TBI 6 A
1. Yes, a brain have an important role in a language process. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
- Broca’s area is primarily responsible for language production; damage to this area results in productive aphasia.
- Wernicke’s area is primarily responsible for language comprehension; damage to this area results in receptive aphasia.
- The primary auditory cortex identifies pitch and loudness of sounds.
- The angular gyrus is responsible for several language processes, including (but not limited to) attention and number processing.
2. - Psycholinguistics helps in understanding the students’ mistakes in writing.
- Psycholinguistics knowledge will help teacher to reduce the intrinsic and extrinsic
difficulties.
- Psycholinguistic approach has a workable control over the field of teaching speaking as a skill.
- Psycholinguistic approaches to language learning conceive language learning as a cognitive and individual process
3. Stroke is one of the most common causes of brain damage that triggers aphasia. When having a stroke, the absence of blood flow to the brain causes brain cell death or damage to the part of the brain that processes language. Approximately 25–40% of stroke sufferers will suffer from aphasia. Brain damage from head injury, brain tumor, or encephalitis can also cause aphasia. In these cases, aphasia is usually accompanied by other disorders, such as memory problems and impaired consciousness. In addition, aphasia can occur due to diseases that cause decreased function of brain cells, such as dementia and Parkinson's disease. In this condition, aphasia will develop gradually as the disease progresses.
They are different, aphasia is a language ability disorder. Meanwhile, dyslexia is a condition of learning disabilities in a person caused by difficulties in that person in reading and writing activities.
4. bilingualism is the ability to use two languages well. In my opinion, that is a good thing because having this ability can make it easier for us to communicate with people who use different languages than the ones we use everyday. Yes, Culture also has an impact because with different cultures it can affect the use of the language.
5. syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; this increases as a child gets older. Semantic development= acquisition of words, their. meanings and the links between them.
yes, age affects because with increasing age can add to the sentence or language used by that person.
Nama : Radhika Putri Febriyadi
ReplyDeleteNim : 181230031
Kelas : TBI 6A
1. the brain has an important role in the language process. The left hemisphere and right hemisphere have their respective functions and tasks, but complement each other. The left hemisphere monitors grammar skills (conversations, understands other people's speech, names objects, writes things, reads, writes), while the right hemisphere plays a role in the ability to use language well (intonation, tone, pressure, gesture body, hands, and facial expressions) so that the interlocutor can understand the thoughts and feelings that want to be communicated.
2.- Can understand different students in terms of intelligence.
- Can know how the first and second languages were obtained.
- Can know why someone can suffer from narrative diseases and how to cure them.
- Can know how a dialect was created.
- Can know how the processes that occur in the brain when speaking.
3. The cause of someone having aphasia is due to damage to the brain in the part that processes language and speech, as a result of a stroke, blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain. Brain damage caused by severe head injury, tumors, infections or degenerative processes (aging), can also cause aphasia. In this case aphasia usually occurs with other cognitive (thinking) problems, such as memory problems (memory) and confusion (disorientation). Aphasia is similar to dyslexia.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages. Bilingualism is the use of two languages by a speaker of the language in his interactions with other people in turn. To use two languages, of course, one must master both languages.
5. syntactic development is say a word or part of a word. Children develop the grammatical level of the resulting sentence through several stages by placing words together to form sentences. While the semantic development of children uses certain words based on the similarity of motion, size, and shape. This development is influenced by a person’s age.
Name : Kikin Sakinah
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230059
Class : TBI 6B
UTS Psycholinguistik
1)The language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process.
A. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs.
B. The process of reading aloud, the visual cortex is received in written form and then transmitted through a gulusan gyre to Wernicke's area and is associated with an auditory image.
C. The process of understanding speech, can be seen by receiving signals in the auditory cortex from the ear and then transmitted across Wernicke's area to be translated. Recent neuroimaging research also states that information about language is divided into two parts called the dual stream model. This model explains that the information we get is sent down the dorsal pathway in both halves of the hemisphere. Furthermore, the ventral flow passes information along the hemisphere and identifies and understands the meaning of the content of speech. In summary, in the ventral flow there is a process of hearing-identifying-visualizing in the mind.
2) The advantages of psycholinguistic studies, namely
A. Can identify factors of failure in student mistakes in learning foreign languages.
B. Can be used as a tool to solve problems and problems (problem solving that occurs when teaching foreign languages.
3) A person has aphasia when someone has damage to the brain. Usually people who have a stroke have other diseases that cause damage to the brain (tumor or cancer). Similar to dyslexia, which is both the same because of impaired reading and writing skills. What distinguishes it from the cause of selection occurs due to genesis (congenital), while aphasia occurs due to external factors (having a stroke, having a collision or having a tumor and cancer)
4) Mackey and Fishman, stated firmly that bilingualism is the practice of using language interchangeably, from one language to another, by a speaker. I think billingulism is really cool, because people are bilingual. Which is where we know that language is a means of communication, so the more languages we know and learn, the easier it will be for us to communicate.
It is clear that culture influences bilngulism. Which is where we know that language is a culture. When a person is bilingual, he automatically follows the culture of the second language. An example of someone who has bilingual skills is Javanese and Sundanese. It could be seen that their language accent would change.
5) What is well known is that semantics is the science of studying a meaning and syntax is the study of language structure. When a child understands the meaning of language (semantic development), then the child will arrange the words according to their meanings.
Yes, it really affects, age is very influential in the relationship between semantic and syntactic development
Name : Latifia khoirunnisa
ReplyDeleteNim :181230019
Class : TBI 6A
Answer
1. Yes, the human brain has an important role in the language process, because the acquisition of language is very close
relation to the role of the function brain work. The brain is the center of the nervous system in the body humans who have very vital functions. The human brain consists of two hemispheres, namely the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. the speech-language function is centered in the left hemisphere.
2.A. In learning English as a second language (second language) Psycholinguistics has a role and contribution that is quite large and very important. This role can be seen, for example, in examining the background to problems from language errors and language learning, as well as steps in managing them (problem solving).
B. By understanding psycholinguistics a teacher will also be able to understand the processes that occur in students so that when the abilities and skills of students in English are problematic, the teacher will be able to find the cycle and improve the teaching system or learning strategy, if the problem is caused by an error use of the learning strategies he uses.
3. Aphasia is a disorder that can cause the child to lose language skills which can be caused by accidents, collisions and so on which causes the child to speak very clearly but the words spoken do not make sense, the words are mixed into one. Aphasias occurs because dominant brain damage can result in motor aphasia, the damage can be located in the surface layer (cortical lesion) of Broca's area. Meanwhile, dyslexia is different from aphasia. An example of dyslexia is a child can perceive the meaning of language but in producing language it is not what he thinks. Dyslexia is a disease that not everyone has the same disease. In relation to aphasia which is brain damage, dyslexia has nothing to do with brain damage because dyslexia only occurs in the process of producing language.
4. 4.Bilingualism according to the dictionary is the use of two or more languages by speakers of a language or by a language community. Meanwhile, bilingualism is a matter of using or mastering two languages (such as regional languages in addition to national languages), which is also known as bilingualism. According to Hamers, bilinguality and bilingualism are two different concepts.
Language culture greatly impacts bilingualism. According to the dictionary, languageism is the use of two or more languages by speakers of a language or by a language community. Meanwhile, bilingualism is a matter of using or mastering two languages (such as regional languages in addition to national languages), which is also known as bilingualism. According to Hamers, bilinguality and bilingualism are two different concepts.
5. Syntax is used to refer directly to the rules and principles covering sentence structure in any language. Meanwhile, Semantics is a branch of linguistics which investigates the meaning of language.
The syntax and semantics are related to the acquisition of a person's language. The relation with semantics is how a person processes the meaning of a language literally, so we present language in terms of language structure, meaning, meaning, so it is syntactic. Meanwhile, semantics is a branch of language that is discussed in syntax. And it is closely related to the age of the community because each language is used in every development, for example, small children in their language acquisition are different from adults in terms of semantics and syntax. So semantics and syntax must have resistance at every age of society.
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ReplyDeleteName: Agnes Lutfiya Noor
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230020
Class: TBI 6A
1. Yes, it does. Brain has important role in language process. Language representation and processing resides in the cortex. Cerebral cortex is the highest level of the brain. The brain is composed of cerebral hemisphere, such as right hemisphere and left hemisphere. Language is lateralized to the left hemisphere because left hemisphere is superior for language, rhythmic perception, temporal-order judgements, and mathematical thinking skills.
2. To help teachers understand students' errors and difficulties in language learning and help teachers to consider what method is appropriate to teach.
3. When the brain damage by disease of trauma it can cause aphasia. It is different from dyslexia because dyslexia does not imply an injury. Aphasia is inability to use language, either receptively or expressively. Meanwhile, dyslexia is a learning disorder, problem of writing and/or reading.
4. Bilingualism is ability to use two languages. In my opinion, culture has an impact on bilingualism because language is part of culture. Usually, bilinguals come from diverse environment influenced by various factors including cultural backgrounds.
5. Syntactic development related to semantic development. In syntactic development people put words into the right order so that they can communicate meaningfully. Later on, in semantic development people can explain everything and give meaning.
Syntactic and semantic development also influenced by ages. As people grow older, their language development increases too.
Name : Nanda Siti Radela
ReplyDeleteStudent ID : 181230054
Class : TBI – VI B
Course : PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Lecturer : Dr. Hj. Selnistia Hidayani, M. Pd
1. Yes, because without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. 1) psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills (speaking,reading,writing,listening) both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
2) Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3) Study psycholinguistics also defines some kinds of brain disorders that affect language learning performance.
3. Aphasia (aphasia) is a genetic condition that impairs language abilities. Their brain memory is impaired. People suffering from this condition will have trouble finding emotions as well as knowing and understanding vocabulary while speaking. Of necessity, this can create complications in the sufferer's life. Since one of the most critical aspects of life is connection. Often, this condition strikes suddenly following a stroke or a brain injury.
Dyslexia is a disorder in which a person has trouble reading, writing, and spelling. Dyslexia symptoms must be identified at a young age so that parents can have more suitable coping styles for their children. The following is an overview of the reasons and methods for preventing dyslexia that you should be aware of.
4. individual’s cultural background plays a vital role in the development of the alerting and executive control networks, which have also been reported as part of the bilingual advantage. The absence of a cultural or bilingual influence on the orienting network means that the effect is only responsive in complex attentional contexts, such as information retrieval and maintenance, avoidance, and perceptual versatility of signals and target stimuli. As a result, attentional mechanisms that grow more slowly could be more vulnerable to language and cultural influences.
5. The semantic and syntactic features of true belief papers contribute to their sophistication.
Proopositional attitudes are expressed by verbs such as believe, know, anticipate, regret, and so on, which denote a relationship between an individual (the subject) and a proposition (the embedded clause). Thus, a sentence such as "Peter believes Susan is a spy" reflects Peter's attitude toward the proposition "Susan is a spy," namely his assumption that this proposition is valid. The embedded proposition must be valid in order for the attitude ascription to be right (“Susan is a spy”) does not have to be true; only the subject's attitude toward the proposition represented by the matrix verb has to be true (i.e., it must be true that Peter indeed holds such a belief).
This adds a level of semantic ambiguity to the interpretation of belief ascriptions: in order to read belief ascriptions, one must determine the validity of the matrix clause (“Peter believes...”) in the real universe and the embedded proposition (“Susan is a spy”) in a domain distinct from the actual world, usually conceptualized as the repertoire of all possible universes consistent with the subject's beliefs.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Rizkia Nabilah
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230152
Class : TBI 6D
1. Yes, it does.
According to Whitaker, in (Cahyono, Bambang Yudi, 1995: 258) determination specific areas of the brain in relation to the language it is based on three main pieces of evidence.
Broadly speaking, the human system brain can be divided into three, namely (1) the brain large (sereberum), (2) cerebellum (cerebellum), (3) brainstem. The most part of the brain important in language activities is the big brain. The part of the cerebrum the direct interaction in language processing is the cerebral cortex. Cerebral cortex is the part that looks like white blobs and is the largest part in the human brain system. This section is a helper or process office cognitive in humans, and one of them of course is language.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching:
1. Psycholinguistics knowledge will help teacher to reduce the intrinsic and extrinsic difficulties.
2. Psycholinguistics approach resorts to text-based approach as a case of bottom-up processing so as to emphasize the comprehension activity and top-dawn processing to stress the fact that comprehension rests primarily on students’ knowledge base
3. Psycholinguistics helps in understanding the students’ mistakes in writing. It has a clear contribution on spelling mistakes since in English words are not spelled as they sound.
4. Psycholinguistic approach has a workable control over the field of teaching speaking as a skill. It has specified several difficulties on speaking such as students’ oriented difficulty.
3. Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as understand words when reading or listening. Stroke is one of the most common causes of brain damage that triggers aphasia. When having a stroke, the absence of blood flow to the brain causes brain cell death or damage to the part of the brain that processes language. Brain damage from head injury, brain tumor, or encephalitis can also cause aphasia. In these cases, aphasia is usually accompanied by other disorders, such as memory problems and impaired consciousness. While dyslexia is a learning process disorder, in which a person has difficulty reading, writing, or spelling symptoms in dyslexia are:
• Difficulty processing and understanding what he heard.
• Slow in learning the names and sounds of the alphabet.
• Often wrong or too slow when reading.
4. Bilingualism is a habit or behavior to use two languages in a the language community (speech community). Bilinguals are often exposed to multiple cultural backgrounds, therefore, it is unclear if being exposed to multiple languages and culture together influence attentional processes, or if the effect themselves are uniquely linked to different attentional processes.
Yes, it does an impact on it because Bilinguals come from diverse environments influenced by various factors. Language contact in a bilingual or multilingual community can lead to have an impact on the development of the language used by the people who take care.
5. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; this increases as a child gets older. Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Process of semantic development is strategies formed for learning word meanings and relating them to each other change as their internal representation of language constantly changes and becomes reorganized.
Yes, it's influenced by the people's age.
181230012
ReplyDeleteSuza Atha Ulayya
TBI/6A
1. Yes it does, brain language operate start in Broca’s region,Wernicke’s region, the number one motor cortex, the posterior center temporal gyrus, and the center and posterior advanced temporal gyrus.
2. Advantages psycholinguistic for foreign language are helps to study the psychological factors that may be involved in language learning and developing and enhancing a few venture for scholar primarily based totally on scholar language acquisition.
3. Someone have aphasia because of brain injury, its similar with dyslexia but different, aphasia is affects in loss speak in anguage but dsylexia is affect in loss reading, both of them also could happened because of genetic.
4. In my opinion Bilingualism is the ability of a person to use 2 or more languages, yes culture influence bilingualisme, because diverse cultre, motivated person to learn and focused to value that they want
5. Syntax and semantics is have a bond, because syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purposes, the end(s), and semantics is Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning. The age is very influence the growth of the language
Yulistria Amanda Dewi
ReplyDelete181230042
TBI 6B
1. Of course, brain have an important role in a language process.
The brain is divided into distinct anatomical
faculties that are directly responsible for specific cognitive functions.
Left hemisphere is superior for language, rhythmic perception, temporal-order judgments, and mathematical
thinking skills
Right hemisphere does better in pattern-matching
tasks, recognizing faces, and spatial orientation. Language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood. Language processing is considered to be a uniquely human ability that is not produced with the same grammatical understanding or systematicity in even human's closest primate relatives.
Neuroscientific research has provided a scientific understanding of how sign language is processed in the brain. There are over 135 discrete sign languages around the world- making use of different accents formed by separate areas of a country. By resorting to lesion analyses and neuroimaging, neuroscientists have discovered that whether it be spoken or sign language, human brains process language in general, in a similar manner regarding which area of the brain is being used. Lesion analyses are used to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain regions involved in language while neuroimaging explore regions that are engaged in the processing of language
2.
- Knowing better to achieve language acquistion.
- we have our strategies that different one to another for achieving language acquistion.
3. I think aphasia is different from dyslexia. Aphasia refers to a condition in which children fail to master meaningful utterances at the age of 3 years. Many factors are thought to cause this condition, including speech organ disorders, mental retardation, deafness, or the attitude of parents who are too protective of their children so that they do not allow children to socialize with their peers. However, the factor that is alleged to be the main cause of this disease is damage to the nervous system of the brain. Meanwhile, dyslexia is a disorder in the development of reading and writing that generally occurs in children aged 7 to 8 years. Characterized by difficulty learning to read fluently and difficulty in understanding even though it is normal or above average. These include difficulties in the application of the Phonology discipline, language skills / verbal comprehension. Dyslexia is the most common learning difficulty and the most recognized reading disorder. There are other difficulties with reading but not related to dyslexia.
4. Bilingualism is defined as a speaker's ability to use two languages for communication. Due to the complexity of its nature, the study of bilingualism relies on several fields within linguistics, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, and education. The anthropological approach looks at it from how a person uses his language selection to express his cultural values. In addition, globalization provides a pattern or a different lifestyle that affects each individual or group. This needs to be paid attention, that in a language is also a culture.
5. Developments in Syntax and Semantics. Preschool children also learn and apply syntactic rules (Lieven, 2008; Tager Flushberg & Zukowski, 2009). They show progress in mastering complex rules related to how words are ordered. Early childhood is also marked by an understanding of mastering semantics. The development of vocabulary occurred dramatically (Pan & Uccelli, 2009). Some experts conclude that between the ages of 18 and 6 years, young children learn a new word every hour (except while sleeping) (Gelman & Kalish, 2006). By the time they enter the first grade of primary school, it is estimated that the children are already familiar with 14,000 words (Clark, 1993).
Name: Mahzar sulana
ReplyDeleteNim : 181230095
Class TBI VI C
1. Yes, the brain has an important role in the process of acquiring language. The way language works is through the left brain, in the process of how he remembers vocabulary, makes a phrase through the left brain and also in language acquisition, there are several theories, namely the theory of behaviorism gradually and rationalism, there are certain stages in language learning
2. Psycholinguistics is very closely related in foreign language learning. Aspects of psycholinguistics such as how the brain works, the psychological condition of students is very useful in the analysis and evaluation of learning
3. Aphasias is a disorder in the brain that causes a person to have difficulty communicating and writing because some memory loss about language occurs due to accidents and so on is different from dyslexia which loses the ability to read something.
4. In bilingualism there are negative and positive sides in human life and I am among those who agree that culture can have an impact on it, because culture is born through human interaction and it is based on a language
5. In acquiring language, of course, there are certain stages in obtaining a special language that adheres to the theory of rationalism because syntax is closely related to Semantics and vice versa, and yes, it is true that it is influenced by the age of society, the higher the age, the more vocabulary is acquired in communicating. and experienced.
INTAN PERMATASARI
ReplyDelete181230092
TBI-6C
1. Yes, the most important part of language activity is the big brain. The large brain that is directly involved in the processing of language is the cerebral cortex, which regulates or manages language processes.
Language processes include stages that involve the induction of speech, the process of reading aloud, and the process of understanding speech. The production of speech takes place within wernicke's area and is then sent to broca's area to convert messages into meaningful pairs of symbols. Next on the hard reading stage, the visual cortex receives in writing and is rashed through gularis girdles to the wernicke area and is associated with an image of auditorists. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by the receiving of a signal in the auditory cortex of the ear and then transmitted across the wernicke area to be translated.
2. The role of psycholinguistics in language learning is very important because by examining a teacher's psychopathology when the student is listening, speaking, reading, or writing so that when there is something undesirable like ability in a child's language skills experiencing a problem, the teacher can look at things from a psychological point of view and adjust the alternative to the solution.
3. Aphasia equals dyslexia. Both are communication impairment caused by brain damage. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening. Generally both sufferers, such as afasia and dyslexia, will misselect and formulate words in the right sentence.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak both languages very well. Certainly, culture certainly hasa high influence on bilingualism, since when one has the ability to speak two languages but in his or her environment or culture is not conducive, one who has bilingualism as it is often lost (being unfluent).
5. Yes, the development of syntax and semantic both are influenced by age, such as the development of syntax is seen at the beginning of the child at approximately 18 months but there are some children seen at age 1 after even more than 2. It starts out as two words and so on.
And semantics development is the acquisition of words from environmental factors that include a child's ability to understand speech. Children will tend to learn many things from their surroundings, including language.
Name : Nisa Nuranisa
ReplyDeleteSrn : 181230053
Class : Tbi 6 B
1. Part of the brain in the language process. The part that plays a large part toward language lies in the left-hand hemisphere. Hemisfer's brain has an area that holds a particular behavior, with other words dilateralized language function. Neurologist Paul broca and Carl wernicke have clinically proven dominica's hemisfer so it's known as the broca and wernicke areas. Broca's area is located in the frontal gyrus that plays a role in the process of spoken and written, and the ability to speak, while wernicke's area lies on the superior gyrus temporal that plays a part in understanding the content of speech. Both areas are Shared by the frontal lobes of the large brain cortex and by side by side connected to a single nerve line called the fasciculus arcuata. Damage to both areas is called aphasia. Aphasia is a language disorder caused by damage to the part of the brain, both in the broca and wernicke area.
2. In the language education curriculum at the resource education institute the process of learning to teach, and not at linguistics or linguistic classes, and it is closely related to learning to teach languages. Therefore, from a purely beneficial standpoint. There are many psychopathic benefits to both prospective teachers and teachers. Can know the language of the soul for instruction. Student psychology is essential for teachers to facilitate the teaching process.
3. Because it involves difficulty communicating and its bearer is failing to apply any language ability he has. The acquisition of languages that involve the process of verbal expression and of the auditory commission requires the perfection of performance of neurons or neurons in the brain. The complex process of neurons involves storing linguistic input and extracting the input, as well as diverting the linguistic concepts stored in code into an expressive form when communicating with others. Whereas dyslexia in general has difficulty in certain cognitive areas - including Left/right, west/east; Also concepts of time such as day, date, month, year; And the mathematical processing. There are indications that dyslexia is genetically inherited.
4. Bilingualism according to the dictionary is the two or more language usage by language speakers or by a language society. Bilingualism is a habit or behavior to use two languages in speech community. The relationship between bilingualism and culture has long drawn a deeper attention to linguists and psychologists. There are various studies that
Comparing a bilingual person to a strangulation sees no positive and negative effect of bilingualism on Intelligence ability.
5. As children begin to be able to combine two or more words (more or less at 2.0 years of age) while according to some developmental psychopharmacists, children acquire a sense of a word by mastering the word's semantic features one by one until all of them are mastered, as is the adult's. Clark has generally concluded the development of semantics acquisition of this theory into the four stages of which:
- the constriction stage of the word meaning.
- the over-generalized stage.
- semantics field stage.
- generalized stages.
Name : Siti Nurkomariyah
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230074
Class : TBI-6B
Course : Pshycholinguistics (Mid Term Test)
The answer:
1. Yes, the brain has an important role in the language process because the brain is the center system nerve in body human beings who have a function very vital. The main parts of the brain involved in language processes are the Broca’s area, located in the left frontal lobe, which is responsible for speech production and articulation, and the Wernicke’s area, in the left temporal lobe, associated with language development and comprehension. The way the brain works in the language process is that if the work functions of the left hemisphere and right hemisphere are not in line, it will result in obstruction of the language acquisition process. However, the parietal lobe which functions to capture sensory and carry out language functions, and the temporal lobe which functions to determine concrete attitudes and actions, if both function, the process of acquiring foreign languages can run well and smoothly.
2. The advantages are:
1) Psycholinguistics can help to understand difficulties in foreign language teaching skills, namely listening, reading, speaking and writing.
2) Psycholinguistics also helps explain mistakes made by students in learning foreign languages.
3. A person has aphasia when there is damage to the brain and causes problems in communication, such as the ability to speak, hear, write, and lack understanding of words when reading. Aphasia can occur suddenly after a person has had a stroke or head injury such as a brain tumor, etc.
Aphasia is also similar to dyslexias, both of which are classified as neurological disorders in the part of the brain that processes language.
4. Bilingualism is a person's ability to master two languages in communication, this is the impact of culture. Because Indonesia is a nation that has a diversity of cultures and languages, it is no wonder that its bilingualism, for example, is the first language is the regional language and the second language is Indonesian.
5. Syntax and semantics are closely related. Both are closely related, and age can affect because everyone has different stages of learning. For example in children, if they get good language since they are young, it will have an impact on their future lives, because the age of children can easily absorb language from anywhere. At a young age the development of children's cognitive abilities is being shaped, therefore in this case age is very influential.
Name : Andini Amaliyah Fitri
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230001
Class : TBI 6 A
MID-TERM TEST (Psycholinguistics)
1. Yes, the brain has an important role in language. The part that plays a big role in language lies in the left side of the brain. How the brain works in language processing that is according to Paul Broca and Carl Wercnicke, it has been proven that Broca's area is located in the superior frontal gyrus which plays a role in the process of spoken and written language, as well as speaking skills, while Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus which plays a role in understanding the content of speech. These two areas are both located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex and are side by side connected by a single neural pathway. Neurologically, when viewed from the work function of the brain, the receptive language process (decode) and the productive language process (encode) that occur in the brain are less than optimal, as well as the work functions of the left and right hemispheres which are not in line with the result that the language acquisition process is constrained. The parietal lobe which functions to capture sensory and carry out language functions, and the temporal lobe which functions to determine concrete attitudes and actions, such as assessing, providing planning, organizing agendas, and creativity that need to be stimulated so that the process of acquiring foreign languages can run well and smooth.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching :
- Can help solve complex human problems in learning foreign languages, because in addition to dealing with language problems it is also related to language activities
- Studying psycholinguistics can explain language psychologically and linguistically
- Psycholinguistics is the science of language. So, language gives birth to experiences giving birth to extraordinary experiences coupled with strong emotions
3. A person can experience aphasia because there is a disturbance in the part of the brain that regulates language and speech skills, namely the left side of the brain. Aphasia is most often caused by a stroke. However, any type of damage to the brain can cause aphasia. For example, trauma to the brain, tumors in the brain, and other brain disorders that worsen over time.
Aphasia and dyslexia are different. Dyslexia is a developmental disorder in children where the child has difficulty reading and writing. Meanwhile, aphasia is a language disorder that affects the formation of the content of the conversation and the understanding of the conversation. Usually due to disturbances in the brain, and associated with speech disorders.
4. Bilingualism is defined as the use of two languages by a speaker in his interactions with other people in turn. I think someone should be able to master B1 and B2 with the same ability, then that person can be said to be bilingual. It is not half-heartedly that decreases the taste of Indonesian compared to foreign languages. Culture has an impact. The culture of foreign languages has provided a very high dynamic in terms of developing the Indonesian language. The development of the Indonesian language still encounters many obstacles, both those that come from within the language itself and from outside the language. Internal barriers can be in the form of less positive language attitudes shown by the speakers and external obstacles can be in the form of influences from other languages which are considered to have a higher and more important status and position.
5. Syntax is the formation of complex symbols from simpler symbols. Syntax is a development of semantics. Semantics itself is a branch of linguistics that studies the meaning / meanings contained in language, code, or other types of representation. In other words, semantics is the study of meaning. Semantic linguistics is the study of meaning used to understand human expression through language. A person's age affects syntactic development because semantics increases and develops with age.
Name : Anita Sepiani
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230028
Class : TBI 6A
1. Yes of course, a brain have an important part in a language operation. The regions of the brain important for interpreting language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the main motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
- Broca's area is in charge of language development, and disruption to this area causes productive aphasia.
- Wernicke's area is primarily responsible for language comprehension; damage to this area results in receptive aphasia.
-The primary auditory cortex identifies pitch and loudness of sounds.
-The angular gyrus is responsible for several language processes, including (but not limited to) attention and number processing.
2. - Psycholinguistics it helps to explain in error students do in foreign language learning.
-Psycholinguistics provides evidence that language disorder can be solved to do some exercise in the brain.
3. Aphasia is a communicating disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. For most people, these areas are on the left side of the brain. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly, often following a stroke or head injury, but it may also develop slowly, as the result of a brain tumor or a progressive neurological disease. The disorder impairs the expression and understanding of language as well as reading and writing. Aphasia may co-occur with speech disorders, most people who have aphasia are middle-aged or older but anyone can acquire it including young children.
while dyslexia is caused by damage learning disorder influences by reading, spelling, writing and speaking ability. That things usually happen at the children have difficulties connecting the alphabets they were saw with hear the voices in order to be sentences.
4. In my opinion bilingualism is the use two language ability, when someone who lived in the different language, culture become the most influencing factor in language practice or the use of language influence the language itself. So, culture it can be impacts in language and that someone might be lost their natives caused influenced in the new culture they lived.
5. The analysis of sentences and phrases, or how people use words in the right order to communicate efficiently, is known as syntax. Semantics is the study of how words are understood in general. It's all about the vocabulary and what they mean in the real world. Children evolve syntactically and semantically as they begin to speak. Adults who are studying a foreign language will, on the other hand, encounter this.
Kartika Chandra Kirana
ReplyDelete181230086
Tbi 6C
1. Important because a means of communication between fellow human beings
used to describe thoughts, feelings, and intentions
his heart. Language is also what distinguishes between humans and
animals because language is its only special ability
owned by humans. how it works Language has various forms, such as spoken language, written language, sign language, programming language, etc. This proves that the existence of language is an important and complex thing to study in various aspects of life. Humans begin to learn and acquire language from infancy by listening to or imitating their parents. This ability is called the Language Acqusition Device proposed by Noam Chomsky. Based on this theory, Chomsky argues that it is easier for children to learn a new language compared to adults.
2. The benefits of psycholinguistics can be used as an approach in the teaching and learning process. It is important to increase students 'motivation and interest in learning, and also students can reduce students' anxiety in learning languages.
3. Aphasia is a brain disorder that can affect a person's speaking and writing skills. This can lead to the death of the ability to understand and understand others well. This occurs when the part of the brain that contains language comprehension is damaged (usually as a result of a stroke). People with aphasia often struggle to find the right words to use. They tend to use the wrong words and change their pronunciation. For example, they will say, "dishwasher", when what it means is "dishwasher". Because they don't do it on purpose (not even realizing it), they can feel confident when other people don't understand what they're trying to say. This disorder can also measure the ability to hear and read. However, this does not have any impact on intelligence.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. and a concept that includes the concept of bilingualism as well as conditions that describe language contact between a particular language community and other language communities, the habit of using bilingual in speaking interactions with other people. Thus it does, as bilingual Disney comes from a diverse environment influenced by a variety of factors that embrace cultural and family values.
5. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; this increases as a child gets older, The apparent failure of pure syntactic approaches to early development, and the emerging emphasis on the semantic richness of early utterances, led to an emphasis upon semantic accounts of early grammars. Yes, they will be affected by age, as syntactic progress and semantic progress will increase as a child experiences and ages. They are influenced by age because the more mature a person understands the structure of sentences and the meaning of words.The relationship when syntactic development explores the structure of words in children's language skills will affect the way they translate words so that they form a complete sentence.
Riska Maulina
ReplyDelete181230125
TBI VI D
1. yes very important. Broca proposes three formulas about how the brain plays a role in language:
1)articulation of language is processed in the convolution of the front to the three left hemispheres of the brain,
2) is present predominance of the left hemisphere in language articulation;
3) understanding language is a task cognitively distinct from producing language.
Broca's formula has been attributed by Wernieke to parts of the brain in left hemisphere. Wernieke found that Broca's terrain and Wernicke's terrain connected by a large nerve strip called the fasciculus arc. With this discovery Wernieke gave birth to a language model, namely: language processing occur in several parts of the brain and make correct predictions, that damage.
2. 1. Looking for a language theory
The next psycholingustic function is how a person finds a theory of language that is acceptable in terms of linguistics and in terms of language, the nature of the language can be obtained and how individuals obtain it. Psycholinguistics can explain the nature of the structure of language, how the structure is obtained, the time to kneel and when to understand the sentences in the speech.
2. Resolving problems in language
The first psycholinguistic function is to solve complex human problems in learning language, because apart from dealing with language problems, it is also related to language activities. As we know, language activities do not only take place in a mechanistic process, but also mentalistic, which means that language occurs as a result of mental activity (brain) processes. Psycholinguistics can help overcome these language activity problems.
3. Aphasia is a language disorder, which affects the production or understanding of speech and the ability to read or write. Aphasia is most often caused by disorders of the part of the brain that regulates language and speech skills. In most people, this part is located on the left side of the brain.
Aphasia is most often caused by a stroke. However, any type of damage to the brain can cause aphasia. For example, trauma to the brain, tumors in the brain, and other brain disorders that worsen over time.
4. Being able to speak two languages means you are able to speak to people in a different cultural and linguistic context.
Being bilingual exposes an individual to diverse customs, ideas, and perspectives from different cultures.
bilingualism strongly influences attentional processes among a variety of age groups. Increasing studies, however, indicate that culture may also have measurable effects on attentional processes. Bilinguals are often exposed to multiple cultural backgrounds, therefore, it is unclear if being exposed to multiple languages and culture together influence attentional processes, or if the effect themselves are uniquely linked to different attentional processes.
5. Acquisition in the field of Syntax Speaks a word or part of a word. This word, for children is actually a full sentence. Children develop the grammatical level of the resulting sentence through several stages, namely through imitation, through classification of morphemes, and through arrangement by putting words together to form sentences.
Acquisition in Semantics Children use certain words based on similarities in motion, size and shape. For example, the child already knows the meaning of the word clock. Initially the child only refers to the watch of his parents, but later he uses the word for all kinds of clocks.
syntactic influence by age, but semantic development not affected by age. The earliest syntactic structure is seen at about 18 months of age although in some children it is seen at 1 year of age even more. Meanwhile, semantics are usually influenced by the environment.
Name : Nur Annisa Saputri
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230097
Class : TBI 6C
1. The brain is the center of the nervous system in the human body which has a very vital function. The role of the brain in the language process is to help find new teaching methods to further enhance student success in learning foreign languages. This role of the brain can lead to teaching methods that have the potential to increase student success in learning a new language. The way the brain works determines the level of happiness and effectiveness of a person's feelings as well as the quality of one's interactions with other people. This means that the brain is a picture of a person's personality. Improving brain function will also increase a person's potential for success in every area of life.
2. The first advantage is to understand psycholinguistics, a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, rakes can see from a psychological point of view as an alternative solution.
The second advantage is to be able to use students' language fluently and communicatively, fluent pronunciation, skills in choosing words, phrases, clauses, and sentences.
3. Aphasia is a brain disorder that can affect a person's speaking and writing skills. This can cause sufferers to lose the ability to properly speak and understand other people. This occurs when parts of the brain that contain language understanding are damaged, usually as a result of strokes, brain tumors, and traumatic brain injuries.
In my opinion, seen from the symptoms it is almost the same as Aphasia, it's just that dyslexia is not known what the exact cause is but this condition is thought to be related to a gene disorder that affects the brain's performance in reading and language.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak a person using 2 languages, including the first language being the mother tongue / regional language with the national language, or it could be the scope of the national language with a second language, for example English.
Yes, culture has a huge impact on bilingualism because in a culture it plays two languages, the first is the mother tongue (the language of the region / culture itself) and the second uses Indonesian as a general or educational language.
5.The relationship between syntax and semantics is so that sentences or expressions can be well structured, clear and correct, so that they can be applied by the interlocutor. The relationship is when syntactic development explores the structure of words in children's language skills that will affect the way they translate words so that they form a complete sentence. They are influenced by age because the more mature a person understands the structure of sentences and the meaning of words.
Dhafa Dwi Yuliani
ReplyDelete181230102
TBI 6 C
1. Brain is important role in the linguistic process in humans. The part that plays a big role in language lies in the left hemisphere. This hemisphere has areas that hold certain behaviors, in other words the function of language is lateralized. The way it works is that the Broca area plays a role in the process of spoken and written language, as well as speaking skills, while the Wernicke's area plays a role in understanding the content of the conversation. This proves that the existence of language is an important and complex thing to study in various aspects of life. Humans begin to learn and acquire language from infancy by listening to or imitating their parents.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistic studies can be used as an approach in the teaching and learning process. This is important to increase student motivation and interest in learning, and can reduce student anxiety in learning languages. By understanding psycholinguistics, a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write.
3. Aphasia is damage to Broca's area and Wernick's area. Aphasia is language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma a person's ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write, and understand language, both spoken and written. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly after a stroke or head injury. Meanwhile, dyslexia is thought to be related to gene abnormalities that affect the brain's performance in reading and language. Infection or exposure to nicotine, alcohol, and drugs during pregnancy and premature birth or low birth weight can also trigger dyslexion while aphasia itself can also occur due to brain damage due to head injury, stroke, tumor, infection, blockage, and rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.
4. Bilingualism adheres to the image that every citizen of his nation has optimal brain development, higher intelligence and creativity. With that the ability to learn is more qualified; experience delays and are increasingly able to engage in global society.
5. Language ability is highly respected by age because the more mature a person is, then his thoughts and knowledge will expand, as well as the language system. In early childhood, the maximum will have an impact on language skills as adults, this is discussed about language stimulation that parents can give to early childhood. In addition, the form of daily activities is in the form of stimulation that can be done together between parents and children
Name : Adha Muthia Rahmah
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230107
Class: TBI 6 C
1. Yes, a brain has important role in a language process. The part that plays a large part toward language lies in the left hemisphere. Hemisfer's brain has an area that holds a particular behavior, with other words dilateralized language function. Neurologist Paul broca and Carl wernicke have clinically proven dominica's hemisfer so it's known as the broca and wernicke areas. Broca's area is located in the frontal gyrus that plays a role in the process of spoken and written, and the ability to speak, while wernicke's area lies on the superior gyrus temporal that plays a part in understanding the content of speech. Both areas are Shared by the frontal lobes of the large brain cortex and by side by side connected to a single nerve line called the fasciculus arcuata
2. The advantages of psycolinguistic :
Moreover psycholinguistics also defines some kinds of brain disorders that affect language learning performance such as agraphia and aphasia which must be treated properly. Psycholinguistics mainly help in teaching foreigner language to consider the use of appropriate method to teach that four language skill. Psycholinguistics is very useful to help Teacher in foreign language teaching understanding students in the class. Teacher shall learn more about Second language Acquisition by the children.
3. Someone has an aphasia which has a language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma. dyslexia is different from aphasia, the different aphasia and dyslexia is afasia is language or communication impairment asa result of a disorder or brain damage and someone who have aphasia also difficult in speaking and find the word "right" to finish what is on their mind while Dyslexia is a condition of learning disabilities in a person caused by the difficulty that one has with reading and writing. Major causes are the lack of cerebim and factor genetic. Dyslexics have problems with phonology, whereas speech, systematic or massage, short-term memory and syntax understanding.
4. Bilingual is someone who speak in two language, and culture could impact on bilingual because when students or someone learn language in cultural contexts in language determine the ways in which students interact and form perceptions of various situations. If they don’t understand the culture behind the language, they will not understand how the language is supposed to be used in context.
5. Syntax is about the rules governing how words are put together to form phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and beyond Like phoneme use, syntax begins unconsciously. Children and other language learners begin forming sentences by mimicking experiences from other, more proficient, language users. And semantic is the area of literacy learning where the sentences and word phrases become meaningful. In the semantic system, meaning extends beyond individual words to include “…phrases, sentences, discourse and whole text”. They are influenced bye people’s age.
Name: Umi Habibah
ReplyDeleteClass: TBI 6B
SRN: 181230061
1. yes, the brain has an important role to play in language. be it in processing or digesting language. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus
A. Broca area: located in the frontal lobe of the brain, works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words.
B. Wernicke’s area: located in the cerebral cortex, part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language
C. The primary auditory cortex: located in the temporal lobe and connected to the auditory system, is organized so that it responds to neighboring frequencies in the other cells of the cortex. It is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds
D. The angular gyrus: located in the parietal lobe of the brain, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention
(https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-hostos-childdevelopment/chapter/human-language-and-the-brain/#:~:text=Broca's%20area%2C%20located%20in%20the,verbal%20expression%20and%20spoken%20words.)
2. A. Psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of the four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
B. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
(Norita Purba, THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE LEARNING AND
TEACHING. Tell Journal, Volume 6, Number 1, April 2018)
3. Aphasia is an inability to use language, either receptively, i.e. Understand spoken language, or expressively, Speak meaningful language
Dyslexia is a learning disorder, and comes in a number of varieties. Visual for written language, auditory for spoken, etc
Aphasia involves more than just written language, and is a term used more with the inability to express things, although the definition includes comprehension as well. Difficulties could be with spoken or written communication and are due to some type of brain injury. Dyslexia is a disorder of comprehension of written things, and does not imply an injury.
(https://www.healthtap.com/questions/22471-what-are-the-differences-between-aphasia-and-dyslexia/.)
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual to speak two languages. This broad definition is difficult to operationalize, and researchers have specified a variety of definitions. For example Hamers and Blanc (1989) identify different dimensions of bilingualism, including competence, cognitive organization, age of acquisition, the usage of the second language in the community, social status of the two languages and group membership.
Cultural identity is a third characteristic of bilingualism. Bilingualism can also be associated with multiculturalism (LaFromboise, Coleman, & Gerton, 1993). Many simultaneous bilinguals learn two languages while also learning about the cultures associated with the languages.
(Nairán Ramírez-Esparza and Adrián García-Sierra. The Bilingual Brain: Language,
Culture, and Identity. )
5. Syntax in sorting sentences requires semantic assistance, for example to determine whether a sentence is a news or declarative sentence, a command or imperative sentence, and an interrogative or interrogative sentence. This determination is based on the content of the sentence or its meaning, which we know is the realm of semantics, to analyze the role of sentence constituents, syntax needs help from semantics. Syntax functions, such as subject, predicate, object, are categorically filled by nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc., and semantically filled by the roles of agentive, active, objectid, benefactive (Surono, 2014: 5).
In terms of age, the effects of syntamsis and semantics must be adapted to the psychology of each age. so that with this, age also influences the digestion of each linguistic order.
Name : Siska Maulida Fitria
ReplyDeleteNIM :181230105
Class : TBI6C
1.Yes the brain has an important role in language processing, the human language process takes place in the left hemisphere, or left hemisphere. Its position is in the section called broca and wernicke. The process works like encoding and decoding. Broca as an encode, which is to produce language, while Wernicke functions as a decode, which is to understand the language.
2. -The first psycholinguistic function is to solve human complex problems in learning language, because apart from dealing with language problems, it is also related to language activities.
-Second: Explaining language psychologically and linguistically
In this case, psycholinguistics finds language that is still in the realm of linguistics and describes the psychological processes that take place when individuals hear and then say the sentences they hear when communicating.
-Third: Connecting language and brain
Language competence and performance are the work of the brain. The brain works because of a neural mechanism.
3. Aphasia is most often caused by disorders of the part of the brain that regulates language and speech skills. In most people, this part is located on the left side of the brain.
- Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects reading, spelling, writing and speaking skills as well as aphasia.
4. In my opinion, people who speak two languages have a good ability in understanding new languages or things, culture must also have an influence because foreign languages also appear in everyday life because of the incoming cultural elements such as globalization and increasingly technology. sophisticated makes it easy for us to communicate with people in other countries.
5. Syntax in sorting sentences requires semantic assistance, for example to determine whether a sentence is a news or declarative sentence, a command sentence or an imperative, and an interrogative or interrogative sentence. -Human speaking ability is not innate, even though the potential to speak is already
it does exist in humans, but without any social interaction or stimuli from
environment, then humans will not be able to develop the speaking potential they have. The ability to speak is not only the awakening of something that already exists in the original nature, but also a social phenomenon.
Yulistria Amanda Dewi
ReplyDelete181230042
TBI-6B
1. Of course, brain have an important role in a language process.
The brain is divided into distinct anatomical
faculties that are directly responsible for
specific cognitive functions.
Left hemisphere is superior for language, rhythmic perception, temporal-order judgments, and mathematical
thinking skills
Right hemisphere does better in pattern-matching
tasks, recognizing faces, and spatial orientation.
Language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood. Language processing is considered to be a uniquely human ability that is not produced with the same grammatical understanding or systematicity in even human's closest primate relatives.
2.
- Knowing better to achieve language acquistion.
- we have our strategies that different one to another for achieving language acquistion.
3. I think aphasia is different from dyslexia.
Aphasia refers to a condition in which children fail to master meaningful utterances at the age of 3 years. Many factors are thought to cause this condition, including speech organ disorders, mental retardation, deafness, or the attitude of parents who are too protective of their children so that they do not allow children to socialize with their peers. However, the factor that is alleged to be the main cause of this disease is damage to the nervous system of the brain.
Meanwhile, dyslexia is a disorder in the development of reading and writing that generally occurs in children aged 7 to 8 years. Characterized by difficulty learning to read fluently and difficulty in understanding even though it is normal or above average. These include difficulties in the application of the Phonology discipline, language skills / verbal comprehension. Dyslexia is the most common learning difficulty and the most recognized reading disorder. There are other difficulties with reading but not related to dyslexia.
4. Bilingualism is defined as a speaker's ability to use two languages for communication. Due to the complexity of its nature, the study of bilingualism relies on several fields within linguistics, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, and education.
The anthropological approach looks at it from how a person uses his language selection to express his cultural values. In addition, globalization provides a pattern or a different lifestyle that affects each individual or group. This needs to be paid attention, that in a language is also a culture.
5. Developments in Syntax and Semantics.
Preschool children also learn and apply syntactic rules (Lieven, 2008; Tager Flushberg & Zukowski, 2009). They show progress in mastering complex rules related to how words are ordered. Early childhood is also marked by an understanding of mastering semantics. The development of vocabulary occurred dramatically (Pan & Uccelli, 2009). Some experts conclude that between the ages of 18 and 6 years, young children learn a new word every hour (except while sleeping) (Gelman & Kalish, 2006). By the time they enter the first grade of primary school, it is estimated that the children are already familiar with 14,000 words (Clark, 1993).
Syelvina Apriliani
ReplyDelete181230090
TBI 6C
1. Yes the brain have an important role in a language process. The brain is key to our existence, but there’s a long way to go before neuroscience can truly capture its staggering capacity. For now, though, our Brain Control series explores what we do know about the brain’s command of six central functions: language, mood, memory, vision, personality and motor skills – and what happens when things go wrong. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
2. The advantage of psycolinguistics study for foreign language teaching are : psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of four skills ( listening, reading, speaking and writing ) both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Someone who have aphasias is any language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma and then loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.
While dyslexia is a general term for disorders that involve difficulty in learning to read or interpret words, letters, and other symbols.
4. Bilingualism is defined as a speaker's ability to use two languages for communication. Bilingual can improve a person's multitasking skills, attention control, problem solving and creativity. And culture can impact on it because a large body of literature suggests that bilingualism strongly influences attentional processes among a variety of age groups. Increasing studies, however, indicate that culture may also have measurable effects on attentional processes. Bilinguals are often exposed to multiple cultural backgrounds, therefore, it is unclear if being exposed to multiple languages and culture together influence attentional processes, or if the effect themselves are uniquely linked to different attentional processes.
5. Yes, they will be affected by age, because syntactic progress and semantic progress will increase with experience and age of a child. They are influenced by age because the more mature a person understands the structure of sentences and the meaning of words. The relationship when syntactic development explores the structure of words in children's language skills will affect the way they translate words so that they form a complete sentence.
Name: Maria Ulfah El Rahman
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230182
Class : TBI 6 E
1. Yes sure. because Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. Furthermore, the visual cortex receives in written form and is then transmitted through a gulusan graft to Wernicke's area and is associated with the auditory image.
2. the advantages are :
• Psycholinguistics can be used as an approach in the teaching and learning process, because by understanding psycholinguistics a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, the teacher can see it from a psychological perspective as an alternative. the solution.
• By understanding psycholinguistics, teachers have a way to increase students 'motivation and interest in learning, so that students can reduce students' anxiety in learning languages.
3. By understanding psycholinguistics a teacher will also be able to understand the processes that occur in students so that when the abilities and skills of students in English are problematic, the teacher will be able to find the cycle and improve the teaching system or learning strategy, if the problem is caused by an error use of the learning strategies he uses.
4. Bilingualism is ability to speak two languages. Yes, the culture impact on it. My reason is that when we learn a foreign language, we will study the culture as well, for example, the British in India learn Indian from their family nurses and helpers. That the culture of the Indian people like to dance and their style of dress using Saree.
5. Syntax is study of the linguistic structure and every language item interrelates and correlates grammatically with other items at the sentence level through sets of fixed rules.
Semantics is the study of meaning at mainly two different, basic levels: the Word and the sentence. It is primarily concerned with the meaning of sentences. It's all about words and the real-world entity or idea they denote or refer to.Children's syntactic and semantic development are normal when they learn to speak. Adults learning a foreign language, on the other hand, can experience this.
WIELDA HUDAEBY
ReplyDelete181230155
TBI 6 D
1. Yes, it does. Several areas of the brain must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. Here are areas of brain that operate in language system:
→Broca’s area is primarily responsible for language production; damage to this area results in productive aphasia.
→ Wernicke’s area is primarily responsible for language comprehension; damage to this area results in receptive aphasia.
→ The primary auditory cortex identifies pitch and loudness of sounds.
→ The angular gyrus is responsible for several language processes, including (but not limited to) attention and number processing.
2.
→psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of four language skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. →Psycholinguistics helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
→Psycholinguistics defines some kinds of brain disorders that affect language learning performance such as agraphia and aphasia which must be treated properly. →Psycholinguistics mainly helps teachers to consider the use of appropriate method to teach that four language skills.
3. Aphasia is a complex language and communication disorder resulting from damage to the language centres of the brain. This damage may be caused by:
- A stroke
- A head injury
- A brain tumour
- Another neurological illness.
Aphasia and dyslexia are indeed a symptom of children's inadequacy in understanding language, but they are different. Dyslexia is a developmental disorder in children where the child has difficulty reading and writing. While, aphasia is a language disorder that affects the formation and content of the conversation and the understanding of the conversation.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of a person or community member to use two languages effectively.
Yes, it does. Culture impact this bilingualism. As Fishman stated, it is very closely related to biculturalism, he said that a person can become a bilingual not through formal teaching and learning but through direct interaction with other ethnic groups who have a language different from that person's language.
5. Syntax and semantics can be associated. Semantics is the one that can explain
everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax.
Syntax development influenced by people's ages, while semantic development not influenced by people's ages. The use of syntactic constraints to be compromised with aging, while the benefit of semantic information for sentence processing was comparable across age groups.
Entol arie soffanuddien
ReplyDeleteTbi 6 A (181230035)
1.Yes, because learning language must be using brain. There are some type of areas from brain.
Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to make a person create verbal expression and spoken words.
-Wernicke’s area, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
-The primary auditory cortex, the function is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
-The angular gyrus, there function responsible for several language process, we can see number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2. To educate for teachers and student for understanding the meanings of langanguage
To development students for knowing their potential and their weakness.
3. Aphasia is abnormal condition because something accident makes the disease of trauma.
4 . according to me Bilingualism is very kind because if someone is classification as bilingualism it means they have the potential for speak two languages.
Does culture impact on it? Sure, it does an impact, it because Bilinguals usually have difference about it.
5.Syntactic development are step to young learner learning the rule. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them.
Name : Aan Nazova
ReplyDeleteNim : 181230050
Class : TBI 6B
1. Yes, it does. Because the brain is the most important part of the language process, the part that plays a big role in language lies in the left hemisphere. This hemisphere has areas that hold certain behaviors, in other words the function of language is lateralized. Neurologists Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke have clinically proven the dominance of this hemisphere so that it is known as Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Broca's area is located in the superior frontal gyrus which plays a role in the process of spoken and written language, as well as speaking skills, while Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus which plays a role in understanding the content of speech. These two areas are both located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex and are adjacent to each other which are connected by a single nerve pathway called the fasciculus arcuata.
2. Advatages:
a. Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
b. Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching.
3. aphasia occurs due to damage in Broca's area and Wernicke's area, aphasia is almost similar to dyslexia because Aphasia is a language disorder due to damage to the brain, both in Broca's area (speech disorder) and Wernicke's area (understanding disorder). and dyslexia are learning disorders that affect reading, spelling, writing and speaking skills.
4. According to what I read, bilingualism is a person's ability to use two languages, namely the first language comes from his mother while the second language is another language that is learned after the first language. Does culture have an impact on it? It does have an impact, because Bilinguals come from diverse environments that can be relied on by various factors of cultural value.
5. Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Are they influenced by the people's ages? Yes, they influenced by ages, as the syntactic development and semantic development will increases as a child gets older.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName: Rizki Nur Azizah
ReplyDeleteNIM: 181230044
Class: TBI 6B
1. Of course, brain have a critical part in a language prepare. The brain is separated into particular anatomical resources that are directly dependable for particular cognitive functions. Left side of the equator is predominant for language, cadenced recognition, temporal-order judgments, and numerical considering aptitudes Right half of the globe does way better in pattern-matching assignments, recognizing faces, and spatial orientation. Language preparing refers to the way people utilize words to communicate thoughts and sentiments, and how such communications are handled and caught on. Language handling is considered to be an extraordinarily human capacity that's not created with the same grammatical understanding or systematicity in indeed human's closest primate relatives.
2. Benefits of studying psycholinguistics:
Can see the birth and development of psycholinguistics as an independent discipline.
Can help teachers in understanding students who differ in intelligence.
Can see how the first and second languages were acquired.
Can see why a person can suffer from a narrative disease and how to cure it.
Can help teachers in teaching a second language the results are good.
3. Aphasia is not a disease, but a symptom that indicates damage to the part of the brain that regulates language and communication.
Stroke is one of the most common causes of brain damage that triggers aphasia. When having a stroke, the absence of blood flow to the brain causes brain cell death or damage to the part of the brain that processes language. Approximately 25–40% of stroke sufferers will suffer from aphasia.
Brain damage from head injury, brain tumor, or encephalitis can also cause aphasia. In these cases, aphasia is usually accompanied by other disorders, such as memory problems and impaired consciousness.
Dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading, writing, or spelling. People with dyslexia will have difficulty identifying spoken words and turning them into letters or sentences.
Dyslexia is a neurological disorder in the part of the brain that processes language, and can be found in children or adults. Although individuals with dyslexia have difficulty learning, this disease does not affect a person's level of intelligence.
4. Bilingualism is characterized as a speaker's capacity to utilize two languages for communication. Due to the complexity of its nature, the ponder of bilingualism depends on a few areas inside linguistics, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, and education. The anthropological approach looks at it from how a individual employments his language determination to specific his cultural values. In expansion, globalization gives a design or a diverse way of life that influences each individual or gather. This should be paid consideration, that in a dialect is additionally a culture.
5. Syntax, semantics, and pragmatic can be associated, al1 proportions and respect taken into account, to any triadic concept that begins with the religious trinity: the father, the son and the spirit. Linguistics is the trinity as a whole where the father is semantics, the son is syntax and the spirit is pragmatics. Semantics is the one that can explain everything and give the meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning (s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose (s), the end (s), that holds both semantics and syntax.
Shafira Rizky Maulidya
ReplyDelete181230108 / TBI 6C
1. Of course the brain has an important role in the language process because the brain functions to control all movements and functions of the human body, including language. Besides that there is a reciprocal relationship between language and the mind or brain, that language forms thoughts and vice versa thoughts also form the language spoken. The way the brain works in language acquisition is for example when a toddler listens to a new word or is invited to communicate with an interlocutor, the process will stimulate the toddler's grasp which will be transmitted into memory so that the word can be assembled into a simple greeting for example "mam".
2. Psycholinguistics helps to explain the errors studdnts do in the language learning, assist in the language acquisition process, can be used as an approach in the teaching and learning process that aims to increase student motivation and interest in learning and can reduce student anxiety in learning language.
3. Aphasia affects a person's ability to express and understand spoken and written language, it can occur suddenly after a stroke or head injury, or appear slowly from a growing brain tumor or disease. I think aphasia and dyslexia are the same difficulty in language but the causes of both are different, aphasia occurs because of a disease or accident but dyslexias is caused by genes.
4. Bilingualism is a habit or behavior to use two languages in a speech community, in contrast to bilinguality is a person's ability to understand two languages. Bilingualism occurs on society that is bilingual or even multilingual that is the people who use it
two or more languages communicate. I think 4. Bilingualism is a habit or behavior to use two languages in a speech community, in contrast to bilinguality is a person's ability to understand two languages. Bilingualism occurs on society that is bilingual or even multilingual that is the people who use it
two or more languages communicate. I think culture is very influential on bilingualism because the existence of a diverse culture is the cause of bilingualism.
5. Of course, both are closely related. The relationship when syntactic development explores the structure of words in children's language skills will affect the way they translate words so that a complete sentence is formed. Both are also influenced by age because the more mature a person understands the structure of sentences and the meaning of words.
Name : Susilawati
ReplyDeleteNim : 181230165
Class: TBI 6 E
1. In the human brain there are structures and organizations that play a role
important in language.
part of the brain in the language process. The part that plays a major role in language lies in the left hemisphere. This hemisphere has areas that hold certain behaviors, in other words the function of language is lateralized. Neurologists Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke have clinically proven the dominance of this hemisphere so that it is known as Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Broca's area is located in the superior frontal gyrus which plays a role in the process of spoken and written language, as well as speaking skills, while Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus which plays a role in understanding the content of speech. These two areas are both located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex and are adjacent to each other which are connected by a single nerve pathway called the fasciculus arcuata.
2. to help solve complex human problems in language learning and be able to find out how the processes that occur in the brain when speaking.
3. This disease will occur suddenly after you have had a stroke or injury to the head. This disease will also develop gradually and allow the sufferer to become mute. yes, because both are one thing due to damage to brain tissue.
4. bilingualism is the use of two or more languages by speakers of a language or by a language community. culture has an impact on the creation of bilingualism. because the first language is recognized as the language adopted by a country, while the second language is the language used in an area where someone lives.
5. It is not true that the grammatical element is absolutely separate from the lexical element. To be able to compose a sentence that can be understood by the interlocutor, it is not enough just to combine a few words with only grammatical rules. Each word suggests which words can combine into one sentence that can be understood by the participants in the conversation.
yes, both are influenced by age. The initial age for processing is at four or five years.
Name : Hedi Indra Lesmana
ReplyDeleteClass : 6A
SRN : 181230032
The answer
1. Yes it does. Brain is so important for language, Because there would be no language without brain. The human brain has a specific area to processing language that are broca's area, wernickes area, the primary auditory cortex and the angular gyrus.
2. The first advantages when study psycholinguistic for foregn language teaching is student can know more and specific what is definition about psycholinguistic include study human language, language, language comprehension, language production and language acquisition.
Second is when learn this study it can stimulate student to learn more focus and detail because there is material about the human brain etc.
3. Aphasia is an inability to speak or disorder communication. dyslexia is disorder to that involves difficulty in reading skills. Aphasia and dyslexia has a same area in brain that process language.
4. In my opinion billingualism is the ability to use two language or more than two language. Increasing studies its indicate that culture may also have measurable effects on attentional processes.
5. yes it does. cause in syntactic and semantic can influence by age. for the example in semantic accurate to at correctly labelling object . As well, they will ask 'whats that?' and this will help them retune their meaning of the word. As they learn more labels, they will understand that there is a relationship between various groups of words, which are called semantic fields.
Name : iroh masruroh (181230190)
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI 6E
1. The brain have important role for language, Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. To understand beyond student communication
ease to explain the lesson with student language capability
3. A person with aphasia may have difficulty retrieving words and names, but the person’s intelligence is basically intact. Aphasia is not like disleksia, aphasia result from head injury, brain tumor or other neurological causes.
4. Bilingualism is one of the intelligence that human have, cause with their bilingualism it can be way of knowladge, and culture take role of his bilingual competence cause culture produce a language.
5. Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax.
And yes, they are influenced by people's age
Name : Arista Miratun Nufus
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230063
Class : TBI 6B
1. Yes, brain have an important to role in a language. the language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. Furthermore, in the reading aloud stage, the visual cortex receives in written form and is then transmitted through a gulusan gyro to Wernicke's area and is associated with an auditory image. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by receiving a signal in the auditory cortex from the ear which is then transmitted across Wernicke's area to be translated.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics (2advantages):
a. Solve problems in language
The first psycholinguistic.
Function is to solve complex human problems in learning language, because apart from dealing with language problems, it is also related to language activities. As we know, language activities do not only take place in a mechanistic process, but also mentalistic, which means that language occurs as a result of mental activity (brain) processes. Psycholinguistics can help overcome these language activity problems.
b. Explain language psychologically and linguistically.
3. Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening.
Generally, people with aphasia will make the mistake of choosing and arranging words into a correct sentence. However, this condition does not affect the level of intelligence and memory of the sufferer.
Both aphasia and dyslexia are both included in neurological disorders in which sufferers have difficulty understanding, expressing and carrying out learning activities, such as learning in English.
4. Bilingualism is a person's ability to speak using 2 languages, including the first language is the mother tongue / regional language with the national language, or it could be the scope of the national language with the second language, for example English. Bilingual initially became a topic of conversation that led to linguistic disorders because early research explained that bilingualism is a slow process for a person to speak in language. But today, bilingual is a communication process that can only be done by certain people and is included in an advanced language process. so that the first research is considered wrong.
The relationship between bilingual languages and culture is very binding, a person's ability to understand a regional language with other languages has improved a lot. for example: mother tongue or regional language and national language (Indonesia); the language culture in Malaysia that uses bilingual is using Malay with a mixture of English.
5. Syntax in sorting sentences requires semantic assistance, for example to determine whether a sentence is a news or declarative sentence, a command or imperative sentence, and an interrogative or interrogative sentence. This determination is based on the content of the sentence or its meaning, which we know is the realm of semantics.
Then, to analyze the role of sentence constituents, syntax needs help from semantics. Syntax functions, such as subject, predicate, object, are categorically filled by nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc., and semantically filled by the roles of agentive, active, objectid, benefactive (Surono, 2014: 5).
In terms of age, the effects of syntamsis and semantics must be adapted to the psychology of each age. so that with this, age also influences the digestion of each linguistic order.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteRosila Septiani
ReplyDelete181230084
TBI 6C
1.yes it does, as we know that brain is the central region for every instruction in our body, so our brain process every action and movement that we do conciously. Brain is obligated of thinking process to such as learning, analyzing, comperhension. Moreover it consist of three peaces that has a specific function in language ability.Broca area is consist of neurons involved on motor speech function, wernic area is aimed to comperhension of speech function, and the last is the arcuate fasiculus is the central region to connect the language relevant part of the brain.This is so important in producing the word in language, we have to understand the message of what we are going to say so we could accompolish semantic aspect and then we could construct the sentance or utterances because we could understand every word or message from our utterances. Producing language is influenced by the circle of the human that called external aspect, we heard some word or Syllable from the ear than brain try to process it by comperhension skill in wernic area, developing skill to understanding simple utterances the the broca area lead the mouth to produce the Syllable, word, or utterances based on what we learn from our circle it could be something we heard and see.
2. The advantages of phsycolinguistic in teaching foreign language are helping teacher in choosing the best approaches to improve the four skill of language, teacher could be aware about student condition if they have any trouble in producing language that learn in phsycolinguistic and of course give the instruction to avoid and to treat of some brain illness based on appereance characteristic in student action while produsing language such as aphasia, teacher could lead student to improve their language optimally because he understand how the spesific process of producing language to accoplish many aspect such as syntactic and semantic that related each other.
3. Someone get aphasia from the surgery or accident that hit the brain, aphasias and dyslexia is the brain illness that cause the loss of language, when it affects spoken i called by aphasia, but when it affects reading abillity it called by dyslexia
4.Billingualism is the ability to use two languages of course the culture impact on it because to mastering some languages we have to know the habitual, the trend, and every aspect of native speaker's life so we can interprate or translate a concrete and accurate meaning between two languages.
5. Syntactic development is exploring how someone organize the structure of word to produce some utterances it could be followed by understanding the type of sentance, it ia related to semantic development because semantic development is about how someone exprole the meaning of a word, so to construct the words or sentances some one have to study their skill in principles of meaning extention so that they could decorate the structure of word based on the message their going to deliver that contain a meaning from every words.yes ITS influenced by the age. As the growth of human and the development of their mind their, ability in understanding semantic and syntactic development is getting better.
Rosila Septiani
ReplyDelete181230084
TBI 6C
1.yes it does, as we know that brain is the central region for every instruction in our body, so our brain process every action and movement that we do conciously. Brain is obligated of thinking process to such as learning, analyzing, comperhension. Moreover it consist of three peaces that has a specific function in language ability.Broca area is consist of neurons involved on motor speech function, wernic area is aimed to comperhension of speech function, and the last is the arcuate fasiculus is the central region to connect the language relevant part of the brain.This is so important in producing the word in language, we have to understand the message of what we are going to say so we could accompolish semantic aspect and then we could construct the sentance or utterances because we could understand every word or message from our utterances. Producing language is influenced by the circle of the human that called external aspect, we heard some word or Syllable from the ear than brain try to process it by comperhension skill in wernic area, developing skill to understanding simple utterances the the broca area lead the mouth to produce the Syllable, word, or utterances based on what we learn from our circle it could be something we heard and see.
2. The advantages of phsycolinguistic in teaching foreign language are helping teacher in choosing the best approaches to improve the four skill of language, teacher could be aware about student condition if they have any trouble in producing language that learn in phsycolinguistic and of course give the instruction to avoid and to treat of some brain illness based on appereance characteristic in student action while produsing language such as aphasia, teacher could lead student to improve their language optimally because he understand how the spesific process of producing language to accoplish many aspect such as syntactic and semantic that related each other.
3. Someone get aphasia from the surgery or accident that hit the brain, aphasias and dyslexia is the brain illness that cause the loss of language, when it affects spoken i called by aphasia, but when it affects reading abillity it called by dyslexia
4.Billingualism is the ability to use two languages of course the culture impact on it because to mastering some languages we have to know the habitual, the trend, and every aspect of native speaker's life so we can interprate or translate a concrete and accurate meaning between two languages.
5. Syntactic development is exploring how someone organize the structure of word to produce some utterances it could be followed by understanding the type of sentance, it ia related to semantic development because semantic development is about how someone exprole the meaning of a word, so to construct the words or sentances some one have to study their skill in principles of meaning extention so that they could decorate the structure of word based on the message their going to deliver that contain a meaning from every words.yes ITS influenced by the age. As the growth of human and the development of their mind their, ability in understanding semantic and syntactic development is getting better.
Sarah Fauziah
ReplyDelete181230064
TBI-6B
1. Language process is a trait of human species the knowledge about its neurobiological basis has been increased considerably over the past decades. Different brain regions in the left and right hemisphere have been identified to support particular language function.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistic :
a. Psycholinguistic help to explain the errors students do in the language learning
b. Psycholinguistic also defines some kinds of brain disorders that affect language learning performance such as agraphia and aphasia which must be treated properly.
3. Aphasia result from damage to one or more of the areas of the brain responsible for language.
4. Billingualism is another term in English which means billingualism in Indonesia. Billingualism is one of the language problems that continues to develop. This is due to the starting point of meaning od billingualism which is relative.
5. The syntactic development of children through counting icreases proportionally with age which is common at certain stages. Influence on language acquisition.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName: Mimin
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230011
Class: TBI 6A
1. Yes, of course the brain has an important role in the language process, because the human brain can store the information they get in the brain so that the information is pronounced in the form of language. In the language process, a very important part lies in the left hemisphere which has areas that hold certain behaviors, according to Paul Broca and Carl Wercnicke, it has been proven that Broca's area is located in the superior frontal gyrus which plays a role in the process of spoken and written language, as well as speaking skills. while Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus which plays a role in understanding the content of the speech. These two areas are both located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex and are side by side connected by a single neural pathway. Neurologically, when viewed from the work function of the brain, the receptive language process (decode) and the productive language process (encode) that occur in the brain are less than optimal, as well as the work functions of the left and right hemispheres which are not in line with the result that the language acquisition process is constrained. The parietal lobe which functions to capture sensory and carry out language functions, and the temporal lobe which functions to determine concrete attitudes and actions, such as assessing, providing planning, organizing agendas, and creativity that need to be stimulated so that the process of acquiring foreign languages can run well and smooth.
2. a. Can solve problems in foreign languages
b. Analyze pronunciation errors in foreign languages
3. Aphasia is a language disorder due to damage to parts of the brain, both in Broca's area (speaking disorder) and Wernicke's area (understanding disorder).almost the same, but dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties. dyslexia occurs in children with normal vision and intellect.
4. Bilingualism is a language code or the use of two languages by a speaker in his interactions with other people in turn. Regarding the cultural influence on bilingualism, namely the habit used when the two people who are speaking use these two languages, namely the national language with the international language, namely a foreign language. The reason is that these two languages are used to communicate, namely to make it easier when someone communicates outside their country and also to make someone not forget their own language after mastering foreign language communication.
5. One of the language acquisition in children is obtained through the semantic field. This semantics, is a field that includes the child's ability to understand the speech of the interlocutor as well as environmental factors that play a very important role in the development of children's semantics. Then Syntax development is seen at the beginning of the child at around 18 months of age although in some children it is seen at the age of 1 year and even more than 2 years. Initially a two-word sentence. The transition from a one-word sentence to a sentence which is a series of words occurs gradually. The two developments above are developments that are very much influenced by a person's age.
Name : Divia Rahma Yulianti
ReplyDeleteSrn. : 181230951
Class : TBI 6Bp
1. Of course the brain has an important role to play in the language process, because it happens in the brain. The part of the brain that is most important in language activities is the cerebrum. The part of the cerebrum directly involved in language processing is the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex consists of two parts, namely the left hemisphere (left hemisphere) and the right hemisphere (right hemisphere). The right hemisphere controls the processing of spatial and visual information (seeing, estimating, or understanding space or objects in three dimensions). While the left hemisphere controls language activity, besides of course other cognitive processes. Coordination between the two is possible because of the structure that unites the two hemispheres, namely the corpus callosum. This cartilage-like structure plays a role in conveying information between the two hemispheres
So how do the language systems operate in the brain?
The language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. Furthermore, at the reading aloud stage, The visual cortex is received in written form and is then transmitted via a gyrus slide into Wernicke's area and is associated with the auditory image. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by receiving a signal in the auditory cortex from the ear which is then transmitted across Wernicke's area to be translated
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics for learning foreign language:
a. Speaking and writing. Listening, reading, speaking and writing are called as the four of language skills. Specifically, psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties
b. Psycholinguistics helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning
c. Psycholinguistics giving the right input and output to be successful in learning language
3. Aphasia is an impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read or write. Aphasia is always due to injury to the brain-most commonly from a stroke, particularly in older individuals. But brain injuries resulting in aphasia may also arise from head trauma, from brain tumors, or from infections.
Aphasia and dyslexia have several things in common, namely that the sufferer will find it difficult to read, write and speak. Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects reading, spelling, writing and speaking skills. This disorder is a neurobiological disorder that affects the part of the brain involved in language process. Aphasia and dyslexia also have a striking difference, namely dyslexia generally occurs due to genetic factors, while aphasia occurs due to brain damage and does not decrease
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively. Mastery of two languages with the same fluency and accuracy as native speakers is extremely difficult to measure. And culture may can impact on bilingualism because culture affects language, giving rise to words, influencing their use, and providing context. Language, in turn, supports culture, promoting social bonds and allowing for shared information
5. Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; this increases as a child gets older. Semantic development= acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Process of semantic dev: "strategies formed for learning word meanings and relating them to each other change as their internal representation of language constantly changes and becomes reorganized"
Name : Usrotul Hiyaroh
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181330067
Class : TBI 6 B
MiddTest : Psyqolinguistic
1.Yes, because language and thought are closely related to each other. Thoughts cannot be separated from language, because language is an expression of thoughts. Without language, a person cannot convey his thoughts and they can never be understood by others. Language is defined as a system that combines elements that have no meaning, such as sounds or gestures, to form meaningful utterances. Language has various forms, such as spoken language, written language, sign language, programming language, etc. This proves that the existence of language is an important and complex thing to study in various aspects of life. Humans begin to learn and acquire language from infancy by listening to or imitating their parents.
2. the advantage is :
Solving problems in language
Language gives birth to experience
Looking for a language theory
Knowing the process of acquiring the first language
3. Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening. Yes they are similar, because aphasia and dyslexia are communication disorders caused by damage to the brain. Generally, people with aphasia will make the mistake of choosing and arranging words into a correct sentence. However, this condition does not affect the level of intelligence and memory of the sufferer. Meanwhile, dyslexic sufferers are characterized by difficulty reading, writing, spelling, or speaking clearly. This learning disorder enters into neurological disorders in the brain stem. This part of the brain processes language. Although people with it can experience difficulty in learning, dyslexia does not affect a person's intelligence level.
4. Bilingualism is defined as the use of two languages by a speaker in his interactions with other people in turn. A person who can use both languages is called a bilingual person (bilingual), while the ability to use both languages is called bilinguality (bilingualism).
In this case, bilingualism has an impact on culture. Because according to Mackey (1968: 554-555) argues that bilingualism is not a symptom of language, but the nature of language use by bilingual speakers alternately. This means that every language in a bilingual society cannot be used freely, but must pay attention to its respective functions. If as a nation, one of the symbols of our identity is Indonesian language and literature; as members of an ethnic community in Indonesia, the symbol of our identity is regional language and literature. Therefore, as a symbol of regional identity, regional language and literature we must also protect and maintain to show our identity and pride as members of the regional community.
5. The syntactic development is done by first basing ourselves on the sentence structure. This development is carried out by recognizing the sounds, words, and forms contained in the sentence to capture the meaning of the statement contained in the sentence. Furthermore, it will be continued by a semantic approach which means that the understanding is carried out by providing an interpretation of the meaning of the sentence statement it receives based on context, facts, and functions, then identifying the sounds, words, and constituents that support the interpretation.
Syntax and semantic development is influenced by age because when receiving information and at the end of the silent period (children under 5 years of age), they will be able to use language like adults. During this time, parents are expected to continue providing input so that the child can absorb more language.
Laila jaha
ReplyDelete181230098/Tbi 6C
1. Yes, the brain plays a very important role in language. Because all the parts of the brain that support all human actions. Different areas of the brain have different structures and each structure contributes in its own way to each behavior performed by humans.
2. - humans can perceive and then understand another person's speech
- Through psychology we can learn about how a student's attitude and behavior in acquiring and learning language while through linguistics we can learn about the concepts and structure of language.
3. To be diagnosed with afasia, one's speech or language must be significantly disturbed in one (or more) of four aspects of communication after an acquired brain injury. I think they are similar because they are interrelated to influences in which language afasia is a speech disorder caused by brain disorders. Whereas dyslexia is a learning disorder, where one has difficulty reading, writing, or spelling.
4. I think bilingualism is heavily needed asa two-language use by a speaker in his association with others. To speak two languages one must speak two. I think it will affect the work they will receive because in Indonesia English use is increasingly prevalent as people are increasingly aware that mastering a foreign language, especially English (at present) will make the society more qualified.
5. How the development is like syntax: learn grammar by example that children hear/see in the ward
Semantics: exploring the meaning of mapping words. Yes, greatly affected by the different ages as well as the delivery and the capture of a child of 2 and 4 with a 1 year old, which still speaks the mother tongue.
ReplyDeleteName : Uswatun Aisyah
Class : TBI 6A
Nim : 181230021
1. Yes, the brain has an important role in the language process, because the brain is the most important part of the human body. and the brain also processes language. the brain in the language process is a part that plays a big role in language which is located in the left hemisphere. the human brain produces and processes language studied in neurolinguistics as a development of psycholinguistics. In this case what needs to be raised is not the difference in the influence of the right brain and left brain on human behavior, but how anatomically the right and left hemispheres work together in processing linguistic information. This is the main function of the corpus callosum, which is the connecting panel between the two sides of the hemisphere.
2. The benefit of learning about psycholinguistic studies is knowing better to achieve language acquisition and we have our different strategies from each other to achieve language acquisition.
3. Aphasia is a language disorder, which affects speech production or understanding and the ability to read or write. Aphasia is always caused by brain injury - stroke most often, especially in the elderly. However, brain injury due to aphasia can also arise from head trauma, brain tumors, or infections. For example Broca's aphasia, which results in decreased literacy, hesitation in speaking and in some cases, stuttering.
Dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading, writing, or spelling. People with dyslexia will have a hard time identifying spoken words and turning them into letters or sentences.
Dyslexia and aphasia have in common, namely learning disorders that can affect reading and writing. usually those who have difficulty identifying spoken words due to head trauma, brain tumor or infection. Example: phonological dsylexia and surface dsylexia.
4. Bilingualism is defined as a speaker's ability to use two languages to communicate. Due to its complexity, the study of bilingualism relies on several fields in linguistics, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience and education.
Culture has a big influence on bilingualism because we can communicate in two languages, when we go to another country we will not experience difficulties in language because we have learned and can regulate the language of the country we visit, therefore it is important for us to have skills bilingual. for example in Indonesia when we go to the Java area we can flow and master the Javanese language because it can make it easier for us to be in Java.
5. Symmetrical Development Starting with children 3-4 months of age begin categorizing objects and understanding words starting in the middle of the first year and averaging the first words of babies at 12 months of age. This understanding can be done before pronunciation because the baby understands the meaning of the word first then installs a memory and in the next development he will be able to say something by recalling the vocabulary he has acquired that lasts between the ages of 18-24 months.
Improved semantic gain
1. Talk to children regularly
2. Give a definition
3. Give an example
4. Provide corrections when an error occurs
5. Encourage the child to read as much as possible
Gina Sonia
ReplyDelete181230058
TBI 6B
phsycolinguistic
1. Yes, t does. Language is functioned as a form of communication by humans, which comes out through human means of saying. who receive and give commands to human speech tools to speak is the brain. Human language processes occur in the left hemisphere of the brain, or left hemisphere. Its position is on a section called broca and wernicke. The process works like encoding and decoding. Broca as an encoder, i.e. producing language, while wernicke serves as decoding, i.e. interpreting the language.
2. a. for teachers or language lecturers can make good use of how to teach the language
b. the teacher can see the psychology of students.
3. aphasia is a disorder in language due to damage to parts of the brain, both in the broca area (speech disorder) and the wernicke area (impaired understanding). Of course it is different with dylexias. dyslexia is a condition of learning disabilities in a person caused by difficulties in the person in doing reading and writing activities.
4. the absence of culture in an area has led to lack of vocabulary to express a culture or represent that culture.
5. syntactical developmentis the way children learn these rules. while semantics development is radual acqusition of words and the meanings they carry -First words are usually produced at around the first year of birth.
Name : Ulfah Mariatul Kibtiah
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI VI E
NIM : 181230175
1. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistics study for foreign language teaching?
-Can know how the processes that occur in the brain when speaking.
-Can help the Teacher in understanding different students in terms of intelligence.
3. Someone have aphasias having disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening. Aphasias and dyslexias is different Aphasia is a disorder caused by stroke while dyslexia can be experienced since childhood neurological disorders of the brain.
Dyslexias a type of learning disorder that makes it difficult for children to read, write, spell, or speak clearly. Aphasias disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively. language fluency in bilinguals is associated with assimilation of their two cultures, and the social status of first and second languages. How emotions change when using two languages and how those emotions are an expression of their two internalized cultures.
5. Semantics is what can explain everything and give meaning, syntax is understood as structure, grammar, lexicon, sound, intonation, a means of understanding and explaining meaning, and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose (s), end (s), which holds both semantics and syntax.
Anggi agusti
ReplyDelete181230110
Uts psycholinguistic
1. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. The advantage in teaching foreign languages is that psycholinguistics can be used as an approach in the teaching and learning process. Besides that, the psychological aspect is the most important thing that must be considered by teachers. This can learn the character of each student besides that it can motivate and arouse students' enthusiasm in learning foreign languages, and can reduce student anxiety in learning languages.
3. Aphasia is an impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read or write. Aphasia is always due to injury to the brain-most commonly from a stroke, particularly in older individuals. But brain injuries resulting in aphasia may also arise from head trauma, from brain tumors, or from infections.
Aphasia can be so severe as to make communication with the patient almost impossible, or it can be very mild. It may affect mainly a single aspect of language use, such as the ability to retrieve the names of objects, or the ability to put words together into sentences, or the ability to read. More commonly, however, multiple aspects of communication are impaired, while some channels remain accessible for a limited exchange of information.
While dyslexias Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects your ability to read, spell, write, and speak. Kids who have it are often smart and hardworking, but they have trouble connecting the letters they see to the sounds those letters make.
About 5% to 10% of Americans have some symptoms of dyslexia, such as slow reading, trouble spelling, or mixing up words. Adults can have this learning disorder, as well. Some people are diagnosed early in life. Others don't realize they have dyslexia until they get older.
Kids with dyslexia often have normal vision and are just as smart as their peers. But they struggle more in school because it takes them longer to read. Trouble processing words can also make it hard to spell, write, and speak clearly
4. bilingualism is a person's ability to master two languages. Having the ability of more than one language can certainly provide its own advantages. Because when someone who can speak two languages will certainly be able to communicate more easily with many people on a broader scale, compared to people who only speak their mother tongue.
Yes, because language is part of culture, cultural differences between one another, resulting in a language that is also present, then the creation of bilingualism in a person is due to the mingling of one culture with another. For example, when a person who comes from Korea then lives and settles in Indonesia, naturally a Korean will also master the Indonesian language which makes him a bilingual.
5. Syntax is the science of governance that describes the relationship between language elements to form a sentence that is good and true, while semantics is the study of the meaning / meaning contained in a language, code, or other types of representation. In other words, semantics is the study of meaning. Both have a relationship with each other because the development of syntactic science makes it easier to understand semantics.
Yes. Because of different ages, their grammar, understanding and knowledge are different.
Robiatul Adawiah
ReplyDelete181230192
TBI 6E
1. Language is a means of communication between fellow humans which is used to describe thoughts, feelings, and intentions of the heart. The human brain weighs 1300 to 1400 grams, but contains roughly 100 billion neurons (nerve cells). Broadly speaking, the human brain system can be divided into three, namely (1) cerebrum (sereberum), (2) cerebellum (cerebellum), (3) brain stem. The part of the brain that is most important in language activities is the cerebrum. The part of the cerebrum directly involved in language processing is the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is the part that looks like white lumps and is the largest part in the human brain system. This section organizes or manages processes cognitive in humans, and one of them of course is language.
2. - To be able to understand the character of the student starting from the way he talks, interacts with other people, and understands what the student feels.
- By understanding psycholinguistics in foreign teaching, that is, we can conduct research on the theme of psycholinguistics, examine it.
3. Aphasias is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate. It can occur suddenly after a stroke or head injury, or appear slowly from a growing brain tumor or disease. While dyslexia is a disruption in the learning process characterized by difficulty reading, writing, or spelling. People with dyslexia will have difficulty identifying spoken words and turning them into letters or sentences. It is different, if aphasias is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate caused by a stroke or head injury, while dyslexia is a disruption in the learning process characterized by difficulty reading, writing, or spelling.
4. In my opinion, bilingualism is the ability of a person who can speak two languages well. This is due to environmental factors, family or because he is self-taught. Of course, culture has an impact, because from what he will see, communicate, talk and pay attention to every day, it will have a bilingualism in him.
5. Semantics is the science of the meaning of language, while syntax is the science of principles and rules for making sentences in natural language. So this must be related to one another, first of all, learning syntax first how to compose the correct sentence, then sematic is a way of conveying the meaning of the sentence. Yes, influenced from an early age, if his environment uses regular language then he will understand the workings of semantics and syntax.
Name : Hayanun
ReplyDeleteSRN : 181230041
Class : 6B
Answer
1. Yes, it is.
The part of the brain that plays a major role in language processing is located in the left hemisphere. This hemisphere has areas that hold certain behaviors, in other words the function of language is lateralized. Neurologists Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke have clinically proven the dominance of this hemisphere so that it is known as Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Broca's area is located in the superior frontal gyrus which plays a role in the process of spoken and written language, as well as speaking skills, while Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus which plays a role in understanding the content of speech. The language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process.
2. Advantages of psycholinguistic study:
• Can find out why someone can suffer from narrative diseases and how to cure them.
• The scope of psycholinguistic studies is very beneficial for language learning, so that it can be used in understanding the acquisition of a first language or in learning a second language or a foreign language.
3. Aphasia is a language dysfunction caused by abnormalities in the brain. People with aphasia have difficulty choosing and using language to speak, read, write, and understand things. Aphasia can occur as a result of injury or injury to the brain. These injuries can arise due to various factors, such as accidents, strokes, brain tumors, or dementia. Due to injury, blood flow in the brain will be impaired. This disturbance will lead to blockage of the blood vessels or leakage of the blood vessels which can lead to cerebral hemorrhage. While dyslexia is a learning process disorder, in which a person has difficulty reading, writing, or spelling. People with dyslexia will have difficulty identifying spoken words and turning them into letters or sentences. People with dyslexia generally exhibit characteristics such as difficulty learning the shapes and sounds of letters, combining letters into words, reading, digesting verbal instructions, confusion in distinguishing the concepts of space and time, and unclear and upside-down articulations.
4. Bilingualism is a person's ability to use two languages in everyday life. The first language comes from the mother, while the second language is another language that is learned after the first language. Does culture affect bilingualism? I think yes. Humans as social creatures can be characterized by their always wanting to interact and communicate with other humans in one culture or with humans from different cultures. In the process of interaction and communication, language has an important role as a means of transferring the delivery of ideas and ideas in the same language community and in different language communities. With the interaction and communication between different language communities, the result will be language contact. This language contact occurs because an individual or group of individuals deliberately wants to learn a second language other than the original language. Furthermore, language contact will be more established when two different languages are used interchangeably by the same speaker.
5. Transformations in grammar are not governed by syntactic formulas, but are determined by the semantic relations reflected in the case categories. So, the role and semantic relations in grammar analysis is very necessary. Even so, this semantic relationship is not always in harmony with the syntactic relationship that is applied.
Yunita sari
ReplyDelete181230104
TBI 6C
1. Yes it does, the brain has important role in language proccess, Language processes include stages that involve the induction of speech, the process of reading aloud, and the process of understanding speech.
The production of speech takes place within wernicke's area and is then sent to broca's area to convert messages into meaningful pairs of symbols. During the hard reading stage, the visual cortex receives in written form and is rashed through the gularis girdles to the wernicke area and is associated with an image of auditorists. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by the receiving of a signal in the auditory cortex of the ear and then transmitted across the wernicke area to be translated.
2. Psychoolinguistics can be used as an approach to learning teaching. It is important to increase the motivation and interest of students in learning, as well as students can reduce student anxiety in learning language.
3. Signs of damage to the part of the brain that regulates language and communication. Both learning difficulties can materialize as a flaw in one or more academic subjects, both in specific subjects such as reading, writing, math and spelling; Or in the various general skills such as listening, speaking, and thinking.
4.Billingualism is the ability to use two languages of course the culture impact on it because to mastering some languages we have to know the habitual, the trend, and every aspect of native speaker's life so we can interprate or translate a concrete and accurate meaning between two languages
5.The relation between the development of syntax and the development of semantics is likely to be a complex one. Children probably learn syntactic categories through a distributional analysis of the language, and connectionist modelling has been very useful in understanding how this occurs..
Name : Alda Najunda (181230111)
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI 6C
Course : Psycholinguistics
MID TEST OF PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
1. According to Whitaker, determination specific areas of the brain in relation to the language it is based on three main pieces of evidence. The first evidence is the elements of language skills are not occupy the same part in the brain. Language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) and linguistic structures (syntactic and semantic features, form lexical and grammatical) have distinctive regions in the brain the second evidence is that everyone's language occupies the same area in the brain. The third proof is there is a relationship between language skills and the hemispheres of the brain.
Broadly speaking, the human brain system can be divided into three, namely the brain large (cerebrum), cerebellum (cerebellum), brain stem. The most part of the brain important in language activities is the big brain. The part of the cerebrum directly involved in language processing is the cerebral cortex.
Cerebral cortex is the part that looks like white blobs and is a the largest part in the human brain system. This section organizes or manages processes cognitive in humans, and one of them of course is language. The cerebral cortex consists of two parts, namely the left hemisphere (left hemisphere) and the right hemisphere (right hemisphere). The right hemisphere controls processing spatial and visual information (seeing, estimating, or understanding space or objects in three dimensions). While the left hemisphere controls language activities besides, of course, another cognitive process. Coordination between the two is possible because of the structure that holds these two hemispheres together, that is corpus callosum. This cartilage-like structure plays a role in convey information between the two hemispheres.
2. According to Sumadi (1995), that advantages linked to the Indonesian language learning curriculum in 1994.
a. Understanding Theory: to ensure the truth of the proposition it gets.
b. Selective Listening Theory: useful in teaching speaking and listening to be done integrated manner.
c. Production theory: useful in teaching speaking and writing.
d. Denial Theory: to understand and use sentences in setting real communication.
e. Ambiguity Theory: to invite learners to understand and practice make ambiguous sentences.
f. Distinctive Theory: to teach Indonesian sounds.
g. Continuity Theory: useful in teaching Indonesian according to the 1994 curriculum.
h. Directive and Commissive Theory: to understand and use sentences as action words.
3. Aphasia is a speech disorder caused by abnormalities in the brain. Generally, sufferers of this condition often mistakenly choose, arrange, and interpret words into correct sentences.
Dyslexia is a learning process disorder, in which a person has difficulty reading, writing, or spelling symptoms in dyslexia.
4. According to Chaer and Agustina (2010), the term bilingualism in language Indonesia is also called bilingual. From the term literally can already understood what is meant by bilingualism, that is, with regard to the use of two languages or two codes language. People who use language these two are called the ones bilingual. While the ability to use two language is called bilinguality. Besides the term bilingualism is also used the term multi bilingualism viz more than two conditions are used language by someone in his association with other people consecutively.
Language first / mother tongue (B I) they are good at since childhood who was taught by their own family that is are indigenous to the area there and
those who were born and raised in there. So it affects them in learning local languages origin. Then when they lived on other environments that are not automatic regions their origin and they switch in the use of the language spoken in communicate with the surrounding community.
5. Syntactics and semantics are closely related. The age can affect because each individual has different stages of learning.
1. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
ReplyDeleteThe areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
The areas of the brain necessary for language.
2.
The role of psycholinguistics in language learning is very important because by understanding psycholinguistics a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, rake can see from a psychological point of view as an alternative solution.
3. A person can experience aphasia if he has an accident or impact that can interfere with the working system of the brain, aphasia is not the same as dyslexia, because aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate.
Meanwhile, dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties.
4. individual’s cultural background plays a vital role in the development of the alerting and executive control networks, which have also been reported as part of the bilingual advantage. The absence of a cultural or bilingual influence on the orienting network means that the effect is only responsive in complex attentional contexts, such as information retrieval and maintenance, avoidance, and perceptual versatility of signals and target stimuli. As a result, attentional mechanisms that grow more slowly could be more vulnerable to language and cultural influences.
5. Syntax development
In the field of syntax, children start speaking with
say a single word (or part of a word). This word, for children, actually
is a full sentence, but because he has not been able to say more than
one word, he took only one word from the whole sentence. The earliest syntactic arrangement is seen at about 18 months of age even though at
some children are seen at the age of 1 year or even more than 2 years. Initially
in the form of a two word sentence. A series of two words, in contrast to the "sentence period."
one word ”previously called holophrastic. One-word sentences can
interpreted taking into account the context in which it is used. Only
considering the sheer meaning of the word it is impossible for us to grasp
the meaning of the one word sentence. Transition of one word sentences
into a sentence which is a series of words occurring in stages.
When the first sentence is formed, it is the combination of two words into
sentence, the series of words are in the intonation. If the sentence
two words mean more than one, so the child distinguishes it from
different intonation patterns. The development of syntactic acquisition is increasing
rapidly when the child is 2 years of age and reaches its peak at
end of age 2 years
Name :: Alikha Istiqhomah Japarunissa
ReplyDeleteClass :: TBI 6A (181230006)
1. Yes, because it is clear from birth a child is equipped with neurological tools as a prerequisite for understanding and using language, because the human brain has a Mind Map which is a tool that helps the brain to think, and express ideas in language even for language and language itself. is a tool in humans to develop and perfect that thought. In other words, language can help humans to think more systematically. The Mind Map process also synergizes the use of the left and right brain, in this process it involves the mind to plan, understand, something and language as a tool to interpret and actualize.
2. The benefits of studying psycholinguistics in foreign language learning. First, psycholinguistics has a role and contribution that is quite large and very important. This role can be seen, for example, in examining the background of problems from errors in language and language learning, as well as steps in managing them (problem solving), the second is, because by understanding psycholinguistics a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students. listening, speaking, reading, or writing so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, the teacher can see it from a psychological point of view as an alternative solution.
3.Afasia itself is a language disorder and the sufferer often makes mistakes in understanding and conveying a sentence. The choice of words that are arranged and conveyed is often not in accordance with what is intended. Meanwhile, dyslexia is a type of learning disorder that makes it difficult for children to read, write, spell, or speak clearly. that dyslexia is a neurological disease in children. This is marked when he has difficulty recognizing letters, words, and poor spelling skills which result in problems in understanding vocabulary, sentences, reading, and understanding reading material.
4. Bilingualism is the ability for a person to communicate in several languages, for the influence of one's own culture for someone who is bilingualism is something that usually happens, because in learning a language a bilingual must have copied it from the speakers of the native language they are learning.
5. Syntax itself is learning about sentences and phrases, which is how humans arrange words to communicate correctly. Semantics is the meaning of the sentence. The development of cytaxis and semantics is what happens to a person when they start learning to communicate.
Name : Febriyanti Indah Safitri
ReplyDeleteClass : TBI 6C
NIM : 181230091
Subject : UTS MK Physicolinguistik
Answer
1. The brain has an important role in the language process, because language activities take place mechanically and mentally, meaning that language activities are related to mental processes and the human brain. One of the reasons that the brain plays such a big role in language is that there is a reciprocal relationship between language and the mind or brain, that language forms thoughts and vice versa, thoughts also form the language spoken.
As for how the language system works, the language process has several stages consisting of 3 stages: the process of induction of speech, the process of reading aloud, and the process of understanding speech. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. Furthermore, in the reading aloud stage, the visual cortex receives in written form and is then transmitted through a gulusan gyro to Wernicke's area and is associated with an auditory image. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by receiving a signal in the auditory cortex from the ear which is then transmitted across Wernicke's area to be translated.
2. Excellence in teaching physicolinguistics in foreign teaching is
1) Students can be motivated and enthusiastic in learning foreign languages
2) Students will not feel anxious about learning a foreign language, because physicolinguists certainly know their character, how interested they are in learning, so they can find ways to make students learn foreign languages easily and understandably.
3. Aphasia is a type of language disorder caused by damage to the language centers in the Cortex Cerebri. The presence of lesions in the language centers in the Cortex cerebri causes the client to experience difficulty and / or lose the ability to symbolize both actively and passively. Most people who can get this disease affasias through stroke. However, any type of damage to the brain can result in aphasia. For example, severe stress in the brain, tumors in the brain, and other abnormalities in the brain that worsen over time. Actually, affection disorders with dyalexias are almost the same language abnormalities, but dyalexias can generally occur in children. Dyslexia is a language disorder in children due to the child's inability to understand to recognize words or sounds as a whole. Usually dyslexia affects boys which is related to hormonal development during the fetus. This dyslexia manifested when the child had difficulty distinguishing the letters b and d or the letters p and q.
4. Bilingualism is the habit or behavior of using two languages in a speech community. Bilingualism occurs in bilingual or even multilingual communities, namely people who use two or more languages in communicating between members of the community. In my opinion, the influence of culture on people who are bilingualism is a positive thing, because when they learn 2 languages, they will also unconsciously learn both cultures. And that's a good thing, because they can have more insight and experience. What must be considered is balancing the culture of one's own language with the culture of foreigners.
5. Syntax is the science of sentence structure, and is often considered the same as grammar even though grammar is a set of rules that determine the standards for correct language use. Meanwhile, semantics is defined as the knowledge of meaning or meaning. Both have one meaning, namely learning about language, and both have a relationship, namely when clarifying and justifying language. The syntactic development can be measured by the length of the sentence, while the semantic development is through the meaning and relationship of the word. Semantics and syntax are of course influenced by age, the older you get, the broader your horizons, so you can also broaden your language.
Mia Amelia Serapati
ReplyDelete181230187
TBI VI E
1. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
The areas of the brain necessary for language.
2.
The role of psycholinguistics in language learning is very important because by understanding psycholinguistics a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, rake can see from a psychological point of view as an alternative solution.
3. A person can experience aphasia if he has an accident or impact that can interfere with the working system of the brain, aphasia is not the same as dyslexia, because aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate.
Meanwhile, dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by reading difficulties.
4. individual’s cultural background plays a vital role in the development of the alerting and executive control networks, which have also been reported as part of the bilingual advantage. The absence of a cultural or bilingual influence on the orienting network means that the effect is only responsive in complex attentional contexts, such as information retrieval and maintenance, avoidance, and perceptual versatility of signals and target stimuli. As a result, attentional mechanisms that grow more slowly could be more vulnerable to language and cultural influences.
5. Syntax development
In the field of syntax, children start speaking with
say a single word (or part of a word). This word, for children, actually
is a full sentence, but because he has not been able to say more than
one word, he took only one word from the whole sentence. The earliest syntactic arrangement is seen at about 18 months of age even though at
some children are seen at the age of 1 year or even more than 2 years. Initially
in the form of a two word sentence. A series of two words, in contrast to the "sentence period."
one word ”previously called holophrastic. One-word sentences can
interpreted taking into account the context in which it is used. Only
considering the sheer meaning of the word it is impossible for us to grasp
the meaning of the one word sentence. Transition of one word sentences
into a sentence which is a series of words occurring in stages.
When the first sentence is formed, it is the combination of two words into
sentence, the series of words are in the intonation. If the sentence
two words mean more than one, so the child distinguishes it from
different intonation patterns. The development of syntactic acquisition is increasing
rapidly when the child is 2 years of age and reaches its peak at
end of age 2 years
Mochamad Baharudin Yusuf 181230118 TBI 6C
ReplyDelete1. Yes it is important cause without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. These districts work together as a arrange to prepare words and word arrangements to decide setting and meaning. This empowers our open dialect capacities, which suggests the capacity to understand dialect.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistic studies for teaching foreign languages,
- to develop students' language mastery.
- to improve students' language mastery.
- Can know the history of birth and psycholinguistic development as an independent discipline.
3. Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage.
patterns of aphasias
- Expressive aphasia.
This is also called Broca's or nonfluent aphasia. People with this pattern of aphasia may understand what other people say better than they can speak. People with this pattern of aphasia struggle to get words out, speak in very short sentences and omit words. A person might say, "Want food" or "Walk park today."
4. Billingualism is I think mix of language have so many language we can speak it and I think there is two kind the first is mother language that we have speak it like indonesian language, javan language, or sunda language and the second like we have learn it like english language, mandarin language etc.
I think the culture impact is no bad and no good because the strength if we can billibgualism is we can understand what touris spoken with us and we can go to other country if we can billingual and the weakness is the mother language can forgeting like in indonesian in javan language with young.
5. Syntactic development
By the time children begin school, they are able to use language in many different ways to convey a variety of messages. By this time they have learnt when words combine with other words, they for sentences. These sentences must conform to particular patterns, and developing awareness of the sentence types. As children reach the school age, we find that children use four main sentence types. And just like adults, children choose the sentence type based on adults.
Semantic development
Challenges in semantic development:
Children must learn how far the label extends to, i.e. 'dog' dosen't just refer to that dog, it refers to many dogs The same item can be labeled a number of ways, i.e. 'dog' can be also called a 'rufus', 'pet', 'animal'
Overgeneralisations occur as children begin to explore the principles of meaning extension for their language. 'is any animal a dog?', 'which animals are actually dogs?' Undergeneralisation is when a child uses a particular word for only a limited number of the context in which an adult would use the word. Mismatch is when the child's understanding of the word is completely diffeent from that of an adult.
Sarah Nurazizah
ReplyDelete181230114
TBI 6C
1. The brain has an important role in the language process, because language activities take place mechanically and mentally, meaning that language activities are related to mental processes and the human brain. One of the reasons that the brain plays such a big role in language is that there is a reciprocal relationship between language and the mind or brain, that language forms thoughts and vice versa, thoughts also form the language spoken.
The language process has several stages consisting of the speech induction process, the reading aloud process, and the speech understanding process. The speech production process takes place in Wernicke's area and is then sent to Broca's area to convert messages into meaningful symbol pairs. Furthermore, in the reading aloud stage, the visual cortex receives in written form and is then transmitted through a gulusan gyro to Wernicke's area and is associated with an auditory image. In the process of understanding speech, it is marked by receiving a signal in the auditory cortex from the ear which is then transmitted across Wernicke's area to be translated.
2. -Developing and improving some task for student based on student language acquisition.
-Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
3. Aphasia is one type of disorder language caused by existence damage to language centers in Cortex Cerebri. Presence of lesions in the centers language in the Cortex cerebri causes clients experiencing difficulties and or losing ability in symbolization both actively and passively. Generally, sufferers of this condition often mistakenly choose, arrange, and interpret words into correct sentences.
In contrast to dyseksia, which is a learning process disorder, in which a person has difficulty reading, writing, or spelling
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively.
Because language is a vehicle to understand culture, speaking a second language and experiencing its culture allow students to better understand and appreciate other cultures. Accordingly, bilinguals are typically more welcoming of diversity, whether cultural or linguistic, than their monolingual counter parts. This awareness of difference and diversity may contribute to decreasing stereotypes and implicit bias between groups of people while allowing for the development of richinter personal relationships that extend beyond social or cultural boundaries (Forsman,2010). Bilingual and bicultural individuals have this capacity. Their openness to diversity allows them to enjoy and experience higher levels of intercultural communication with more people than individuals who must understand their world though a single language filter. AsO’Brien(2017) suggests, bilingual speakerstend to demonstrate higher empathy and are more likely to advocate for social justice. In addition, individuals who learn a second language in abicultural context may also have a more developed sense of social justice because of their increased empathy for culturally diversity (Crosbie,2014)
Inshort, bilingualism and biculturalism serveas additional positive and meaningful assets for connecting with abroader community of people from different cultures and linguistic backgrounds. As a result being bilingual and/or bicultural can contribute to reinforcing one’s social bond and build positive relationships with people from different cultural backgrounds
5. The relation between the development of syntax and the development of semantics is likely to be a complex one. Children probably learn syntactic categories through a distributional analysis of the language, and connectionist modelling has been very useful in understanding how this occurs.
Name: Dita Aurellia
ReplyDeleteSN: 181230185
TBI 6 E
1. of course, According to Whitaker, in (cahyono, bambangyudi, 1995: 258) determining certain areas of the brain in relation to that language is based on three principal evidences. The first evidence is that language skills do not occupy the same part of the brain. Language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) and linguistic structures (characteristics of syntactic and semantic, lexicon and grammatical forms) have distinct areas in the brain the second evidence is that language occupies the same area in the brain. A third evidence is that there is a link between language skills and brain hemispheres.
From the above view it is concluded that the brain is not one mass of nerve tissue having the same task in all parts of the brain that support all human actions. Different areas of the brain have different structures and each structure contributes in its own way to each behavior human beings. For more detail it is explained that the brain plays a pivotal role in language.
2. 1. The psychoinguistic studi has successfully brightened up the language relationship with Mental processes during the reception and language production processes occur. Reception process Includes listening and reading activity; Whereas production processes include An activity of speaking and writing. These four activities are often called fourLanguage skills. Merits multiple psychoolinguistic study finds against The study of the four activities is brought to this learning activity. This description is based on the opinion of sumadi (1995). Practically, its benefits Associated with the 1994 English learning curriculum.
2. We can learn about how a student's attitude and behavior are gaining and learning the language.
3. The afasian cause is brain damage to the part that processes language and speech, resulting from a stroke, a blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain. Brain damage caused by severe head injury, tumors, infections or degenerative processes.
And dyslexia is genetic influence. That’s why this is happening in a family that has a history. Moreover, it also comes from different parts of the brain that process language. Where the brain of a person with dyslexia indicates that the area of the brain that should be active when reading is not functioning properly.
Dysfasia and afasia have the same causes and symptoms. Some sources suggest afasia is more serious, and involve a loss of ability to speak and understanding. Dysfasia, on the other hand, only involves a moderate language disorder.
4. Bilingualism (or more generally: Multilingualism) is the phenomenon of speaking and understanding two or more languages. The term can refer to individuals (individual bilingualism) as well as to an entire society (social bilingualism).
The term can also refer to the corresponding scientific research which studies the phenomenon itself. According to fasold (quoted chaer and Agustina, 2004:203) no As simple as we imagine it,To choose a language Whole (whole language) inside A communication event. We Imagine someone who is Speaks two or more languages Must choose which language He’ll use it. For example, Someone who speaks the language Javanese and Indonesian must Pick one between the two The language it speaks to Someone else in the event Communication.
5. syntax is no complete unless the fixed structure of units make sense, has mean, is understood and shared by those who know how to handle them, namely, by those who speak, listen, write and read well formed language.
Semantic of meaning at mainly two different, basic levels: word and sentence. Every culture has a language to express its world meaning, but only according to view of the world that a group of people has developed in order belong to its particular group of speech communicaty.
Nama : Siti iin musta’inah
ReplyDeleteKelas : TBI 6 c
Nim : 181230109
1. It is very important because the language acquisition is very close its relation to the role of the work function of the brain.
The brain is the center of the nervous system in the human body which has a very vital function because the brain controls all the organs of the human body.The role of the brain in human communication lies in controlling and regulating the two-way language process, alternating between speakers and listeners.
And Humans in the language process start from the semantic encoding phase, grammatical encoding, phonological encoding, which is then followed by phonological decoding, grammatical decoding, and ending with semantic decoding.
2. so many psycholinguistic benefits for prospective teachers and teachers. Can know the relationship between language and soul for teaching provisions. It is very important for the teacher to know about student psychology to facilitate the teaching process
Psycholinguistic benefits can be used as an approach in the teaching and learning process. To increase student motivation and interest in learning, and to reduce student anxiety in learning languages.
3. Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening.
Aphasia will occur suddenly and suddenly after the sufferer has had a stroke or injury to the head
The long-term effect of this disease is to make the sufferer dumb and even senile
4. In my opinion, bilingualism is good because they can master 2 languages, the first as their own language and the second language and to communicate, they just need to adjust to who they will communicate with and in my opinion this does not have a bad impact on the environment
5. influenced by age because the more mature humans understand the structure of sentences and the meaning of words. The relationship when syntactic development explores the structure of words in children's language skills will affect the way they translate words so that a complete sentence is formed
Azriel Sani Akbar
ReplyDelete(18123017)
TBI-6E
Psycholinguistics
1. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
2. Psycholinguistic Relationship in Language Acquisition and Learning. Through psychology we can learn about how the attitudes and behavior of students in acquire and study language whereas through linguistics we can learn regarding the concepts and structure of language.
3. Aphasia is an inability to use language, either receptively, i.e. Understand spoken language, or expressively, Speak meaningful language
Dyslexia is a learning disorder, and comes in a number of varieties. Visual for written language, auditory for spoken, etc
Aphasia involves more than just written language, and is a term used more with the inability to express things, although the definition includes comprehension as well. Difficulties could be with spoken or written communication and are due to some type of brain injury.
Dyslexia is a condition of learning disabilities in a person caused by difficulties in that person in reading and writing activities. it only takes practice to work on problems to order brain function in a disorder like this.
4. Bilingual education is an addition to bilingual and bicultural programs over a long period of time, using two languages in instruction, learning, and communication, with an equal number of students from both language groups integrated throughout or at least half of the school day to meet bilingual, bilateral, academic, and cross-cultural competences. Of course this is a natural thing in every education in every country students use everyday language to communicate with people around them but to learn foreign languages students also get important things in the existence of the statement that students are able to remember more than 1 language.
5.It is not true that the grammatical element is absolutely separate from the lexical element. To be able to compose a sentence that can be understood by the interlocutor, it is not enough just to combine a few words with only grammatical rules. Each word suggests which words can combine into one sentence that can be understood by the participants in the conversation.
Desita Rina Ramdhani
ReplyDelete181230082
TBI 6C
1. Yes, the brain has an important role in the language process. The human brain consists of two hemispheres, namely the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. Chaer (2003: 120) says that the speech-language function is centered in the left hemisphere. When viewed from a neuropsychological point of view, the involvement of the two hemispheres in an integrated manner in language processing, both spoken and written language, really occurs (Arifuddin, 2010: 55-60). the relationship between the brain and language: 1) language articulation is processed in the front convolution of the three left hemispheres of the brain, 2) there is a predominance of the left hemisphere in language articulation; 3) understanding language is a cognitive task that is different from producing language.
2. Psycholinguistics in language learning is very important because by
- understanding psycholinguistics a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, rakes can see from a psychological point of view as an alternative solution.
- regarding the nature of language, language components, language history, processes preparation of sentences in language, and how to get results who are good at language learning.
3. Aphasia is not a disease, but a symptom that indicates damage to the part of the brain that regulates language and communication.
One of the causes of brain damage that most often triggers aphasia is a stroke, due to head injury, brain tumor, or encephalitis. When having a stroke, the absence of blood flow to the brain causes brain cell death or damage to the part of the brain that processes language. Approximately 25-40% of stroke sufferers will suffer from aphasia. Fascia is similar to dyslexia, which is a disorder of the brain in dyslaxia where there is damage to the nerves of the brain. The symptoms are very similar to difficulties in reading, writing, and spelling or communicating.
4. Bilingualism is the habit or behavior of using two languages in a speech community. culture also has an impact on languageism because Indonesia as a nation has very high cultural and linguistic diversity. Has more than 700 regional languages representing each ethnic group. In addition to the richness of regional languages, Indonesian people also have Indonesian which functions as the language of unity. In the context of language diversity, Indonesians speak at least two languages, namely the regional language as the identity of their region of origin and Indonesian as the national identity.
5. Syntax is the science of governance that describes the relationship between language elements to form a sentence that is good and true, while semantics is the study of the meaning / meaning contained in a language, code, or other types of representation. In other words, semantics is the study of meaning. Both have a relationship with each other because the development of syntactic science makes it easier to understand semantics.
Semantics including linguistics. Language science consists of four levels, namely
phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Of the four branches of knowledge, it can be divided into two major parts, namely grammar (grammar) or language structure and outside of grammar or outside the structure of language.
Yes. Because of different ages, their grammar, understanding and knowledge are different.
Saniyah
ReplyDelete181230099
6C
The Answer
1. Yes, What we now know as “Broca’s area” is located in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus. It’s where expressive language takes shape. Broca was the first person to associate the left hemisphere with language, which remains true for most of us today. (This can’t be said about every brain — it’s possible to have a language center on the right side, which is where the language loop lies in the brains of about 30 percent of left-handed people and approximately 10 percent of right-handers.)
Tucked in the back of Broca’s area is the Pars triangularis, which is implicated in the semantics of language.
Language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood. Language processing is considered to be a uniquely human ability that is not produced with the same grammatical understanding or systematicity in even human's closest primate relatives.
2. -helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
-and also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Aphasia is the loss or impairment of the use andJor understanding of language due to some type of brain injury or dysfunction. When it affects spoken language it is medically. when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4. bilingualism is the ability to use two languages. Others may be proficient in reading in two or more languages (or bi-literate).
-Thus, language fluency in bilinguals is associated with assimilation of their two cultures, and the social status of first and second languages. Or how emotions change when using two languages and how those emotions are an expression of their two internalized cultures.
5. The relation between the development of syntax and the development of semantics is likely to be a complex one. Children probably learn syntactic categories through a distributional analysis of the language, and connectionist modelling has been very useful in understanding how this occurs.
Maurizka Adilla
ReplyDelete181230154
TBI 6 D
1.Yes, it does. Language-related activity tends to happen in the left side of the brain, but it’s not entirely, especially when a person has some issues in their left brain, the right brain could take the role. In processing speech, both the right and left halves communicate with each other. The right side is responsible for the intonation and inflection of the language, while the more analytical aspects of the language are handled by the left side. Communication between the two brain halves is primarily conducted through the commissure that connects the two halves.
A sentence registered acoustically in the primary auditory cortex. Aspects of the inflection are processed within less than 200 milliseconds in the brain's right hemisphere. At the same time, Broca's area in the left half of the brain is also analyzing the syntax, or grammar, of the sentence. The semantics of the words are compiled using numerous levels of meaning, memories and emotions, and the process occurs in the Wernicke’s area.
2.Advantages:
•Helps in language acquisition (using the psycholinguistics approach)
•Helps us to realizing the differences of language process between a person to another
•Giving the right methods in language learning
3.Aphasia generally happens suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage.
Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects your ability to read, spell, write, and speak. Unlike aphasia, dyslexia linked to genes. To simplify, aphasia happens because of stroke, head injuries, or anything that are damaging the left side of the brain, while dyslexia is a learning disorder that caused by genes, and people who have dyslexia got it since their birth.
4.bilingualism is the ability to use two languages. A person may be bilingual by virtue of having grown up learning and using two languages simultaneously (simultaneous bilingualism). Or they may become bilingual by learning a second language sometime after their first language. This is known as sequential bilingualism. To be bilingual means different things to different people. Culture does have impacts in bilingualism. Being bilingual equips individuals with not only language skills but also important social skills needed to work with others from varying cultures and backgrounds. Such skills include the ability to be more perceptive of others, to be more empathetic and to communicate more effectively.
5.Syntactic and semantic development influenced by age. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; this increases as a child gets older. Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Process of semantic development is strategies formed for learning word meanings and relating them to each other change as their internal representation of language constantly changes and becomes reorganized. The older a child gets, the more developments happening in the child’s understanding of a language, including the process of syntax and semantics in it
yusril muin
ReplyDelete181230117
tbi 6c
1. Yes it is correct. important cause without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistic studies for teaching foreign languages,
- to develop students' language mastery.
- to improve students' language mastery.
- Can know the history of birth and psycholinguistic development as an independent discipline.
3. Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative).
The aphasia and the dyslexia is no similar because the between aphasia and dyslexia is that dyslexia is (neurology|pathology) a learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write while aphasia is (pathology) a partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including broca's area and wernike's area, causes aphasia.
4. Billingualism is I think mix of language have so many language we can speak it and I think there is two kind the first is mother language that we have speak it like indonesian language, javan language, or sunda language and the second like we have learn it like english language, mandarin language etc.
I think the culture impact is no bad and no good because the strength if we can billibgualism is we can understand what touris spoken with us and we can go to other country if we can billingual and the weakness is the mother language can forgeting like in indonesian in javan language with young.
5.
By the time children begin school, they are able to use language in many different ways to convey a variety of messages. By this time they have learnt when words combine with other words, they for sentences. These sentences must conform to particular patterns, and developing awareness of the sentence types. As children reach the school age, we find that children use four main sentence types. And just like adults, children choose the sentence type based on adults.
NAME : SULTHON AULIA SYAHALAM
ReplyDeleteCLASS : TBI VI E
COURS: PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
MID TEST OF PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
1. I think that is so very important because the language acquisition is very close its relation to the role of the work function of the brain.
The brain is the center of the nervous system in the human body which has a very vital function because the brain controls all the organs of the human body.The role of the brain in human communication lies in controlling and regulating the two-way language process, alternating between speakers and listeners.
2. The psychoinguistic studi has successfully brightened up the language relationship with Mental processes during the reception and language production processes occur. Reception process Includes listening and reading activity; Whereas production processes include An activity of speaking and writing. These four activities are often called fourLanguage skills. Merits multiple psychoolinguistic study finds against The study of the four activities is brought to this learning activity. This description is based on the opinion of sumadi (1995). Practically, its benefits Associated with the 1994 English learning curriculum.
3. Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage.
patterns of aphasias
- Expressive aphasia.
This is also called Broca's or nonfluent aphasia. People with this pattern of aphasia may understand what other people say better than they can speak. People with this pattern of aphasia struggle to get words out, speak in very short sentences and omit words. A person might say, "Want food" or "Walk park today."
4. individual’s cultural background plays a vital role in the development of the alerting and executive control networks, which have also been reported as part of the bilingual advantage. The absence of a cultural or bilingual influence on the orienting network means that the effect is only responsive in complex attentional contexts, such as information retrieval and maintenance, avoidance, and perceptual versatility of signals and target stimuli. As a result, attentional mechanisms that grow more slowly could be more vulnerable to language and cultural influences.
5.The relation between the development of syntax and the development of semantics is likely to be a complex one. Children probably learn syntactic categories through a distributional analysis of the language, and connectionist modelling has been very useful in understanding how this occurs.
Eva alawiyah
ReplyDelete181230115
Tbi 6C
1. Yes of course, the brain is very influential in language users. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. Specifically, psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties. Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning. Psycholinguistics mainly helps teachers to consider the use of appropriate method to teach that four language skill.
3. Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia can occur suddenly after a person experiences a stroke or head injury. However, aphasia can also occur gradually if it is caused by a brain tumor or dementia.
Aphasia is different from dyslexia. Dyslexia is a developmental disorder in children where the child has difficulty reading and writing, whereas Aphasia is a language disorder that affects the formation and content of the conversation and the understanding of the conversation. Usually the result of disturbances in the brain, and associated with speech disorders (dyslalia).
4. Bilingualism (or more generally: Multilingualism) is the phenomenon of speaking and understanding two or more languages. Culture greatly affects a person can speak two languages because with the interaction and communication between different language communities, the result will be language contact. This language contact occurs because an individual or group of individuals deliberately wants to learn a second language other than the original language.
5. Syntactic development relate to semantic development, for example : by the time children begin school, they are able to use language in many different ways to convey a variety of messages. By this time they have learned when words combine with other words, they for sentences. These sentences must conform to particular patterns, and developing awareness of the sentence types. As children reach the school age, we find that children use four main sentence types. And just like adults, children choose the sentence type based on adults.
name :Fatima Ayu Ajzahra
ReplyDeleteNim :181240194
TBI 6 E
1. Psycholinguistics
Psychology + Linguistics (Taylor, 1990)
The psychology of language (speaking & listening
(means of communication) and their acquisition)
(Clark& Clark, 1977)
• CALD (3rd.Ed.)
psychology: the scientific study of the way the human mind works and how it influences behaviour, or the influence of a particular
person's character on their behaviour’
linguistics : the systematic study of the structure and development of language in general or of particular languages
2. Communication is the process of sharing and understanding meaning, verbal and nonverbal. Communication is essential because? 2. People learn more about human relationships as they study communication and learn important life skills.
3. Afasia is a communication disorder caused by brain damage. These disorders can affect ability to speak and write, and The ability to understand words when reading or hearing.
4. In a sociolinguistics perspective, bilingualism is defined as the two-language use by a speaker in his association with others In shifts. To speak two languages one must speak two.
5. To be able to compose a sentence that can be understood by the interlocutor, it is not enough just to combine a few words with only grammatical rules. Each word suggests which words can combine into one sentence that can be understood by the participants in the conversation.
Umi Athiyah 181230087
ReplyDelete1. Yes, in my opinion this is very important because without a brain, there will be no language. Just imagine if someone without a brain would be difficult unlike someone who has a brain. The human brain has several areas that are devoted to language processing and production. When this area is damaged or injured, the ability to speak or understand can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistic studies for foreign language teaching,
* develop students' language mastery.
* provide more benefits for students in language development
* improve students' language mastery.
* know the historical development
3. Aphasia is a condition that robs you of your ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write, and understand language, both spoken and written. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly after a stroke or head injury and can also come gradually from a brain tumor that grows suddenly or a disease that causes progressive and permanent damage. The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and extent of brain damage.
aphasia pattern
* Expressive aphasia.
This is also called Broca's aphasia or nonfluent. People with this aphasia pattern may understand what other people are saying better than they speak. People with this aphasia pattern struggle to pronounce words, speak very short sentences, and mute words.
4. Billingualism in my opinion mixed languages have a lot of languages that we can speak and in my opinion there are two types, the first is the mother tongue that we speak such as Indonesian, Javanese or Sundanese and the second as we have. learn like English, Mandarin etc.
In my opinion there is also no bad impact because when we are able to learn bilingualism we can interact with other people in other languages, but there is a weakness, namely the culture begins to decline because slowly the mother tongue will disappear.
5. Syntax development
When children start school, they can use language in a variety of ways to convey messages. At this point they have learned that when words are combined with other words, they are for sentences. This sentence should fit a certain pattern, and develop an awareness of that type of sentence. When children reach school age, we find that children use four main types of sentences. And just like adults, children choose sentence types based on adults.
Overgeneralization occurs when children begin to explore the principles of extending meaning to their language. Undergeneralization is when a child uses a certain word only for a certain context in which an adult will use the word.
Mismatch is when the child's understanding of the word is completely different from the adult's understanding.
Robi'atul Addawiyyah 181230083 TBI 6C
ReplyDelete1. Yes important, because without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
2. - Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
- Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching.
3. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage.
Aphasia and dyslexia are different, because aphasia is (pathology) a partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including broca's area and wernike's area, causes aphasia, while dyslexia is (neurology|pathology) a learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write.
4. Bilingualism range from a minimal proficiency in two languages, to an advanced level of proficiency which allows the speaker to function and appear as a native-like speaker of two languages. Actually, not all impacts of bilingualism are due to culture, but some explain that culture has an impact on bilingualism.
5. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; this increases as a child gets older while Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Process of semantic dev: "strategies formed for learning word meanings and relating them to each other change as their internal representation of language constantly changes and becomes reorganized".
Name: Sri Sulastri
ReplyDeleteSRN: 181230046
Class: TBI 6B
1. Yes it does. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia (A loss of the ability to produce or understand language). These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. 1) psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills (speaking,reading,writing,listening) both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
2) Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3) Study psycholinguistics also defines some kinds of brain disorders that affect language learning performance.
3. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage. No, Aphasia and Dyslexia is'nt similar. Because, dyslexia is only difficult to read and write, but Aphasia is total loss or partial of language skill.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively.
In its simplest form, bilingualism is defined as “knowing” two languages (Valdez & Figueora, 1994).
However, a major difficulty occurs in defining what it means to “know” a language.
Some bilinguals are highly proficient in both language. and THE IMPACT OF BILINGUALISM is The bilingual brain has more integrity than the monolingual brain.
Speaking a second language is on par with learning a complex task like playing an instrument.
Bilingualism can delay the onset of cognitive impairments like Alzheimer’s A recent study has found that bilingualism has a positive effect on the brain’s structure.
5. syntax and semantics are closely related. both have a bond. age can affect because each individual has different stages of learning. For example, in young children, getting good language from childhood has an impact on later in life. it is at a young age that the development of children's cognitive abilities is being formed, therefore age is very influential.
Sorry miss, teman saya tidak bisa mengirim jawaban terus dari tadi pagi🙏🏻
SITI INAYA
ReplyDelete181230116
TBI 6 C
No. 1
Yes, very important. In general, the human system brain can be divided into three, namely (1) the brain Large (sereberum), (2) cerebellum (cerebellum), (3) brainstem. The most part of the brain Important in language activities is the big brain. The part of the cerebrum the direct interaction in language processing is the cerebral cortex. Cerebral cortex is the part that looks like white blobs and is athe largest part in the human brain system. This section is a helper or process office cognitive in humans, and one of them of course is language.
No. 2
The advantages studying Psycholinguistics for student.
- Giving the right input and output to be succesful in learning language.
- Making the good environment for supporting ini learning languange.
The advantages studying - Psycholinguistics for teacher.
- Using some technique in teaching English as foreign language for our future student.
- Creating the good environment that supports in languange learning for student during teaching.
No. 3
Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative). The severity of aphasia depends on a number of conditions, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage.
There is the different between aphasia and dyslexia.
That dyslexia is (neurology|pathology) a learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write while aphasia is (pathology) a partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including broca's area and wernike's area, causes aphasia.
No. 4
Bilingualism refers to the ability to use two languages in everyday life.
For example when one decides to learn English as a second language, it is important to realise that he or she is also learning about the culture the language is tied upon. It is often said that language and culture are two inseparable aspects of society. One may think that language without culture is nothing and there is not a culture without a language.
No. 5
syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; this increases as a child gets older.
Semantic development= acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Process of semantic dev: "strategies formed for learning word meanings and relating them to each other change as their internal representation of language constantly changes and becomes reorganized".
Name : Susilawati
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230073
Class : TBI 6B
1. Yes, a brain have important role in a language process, because the brain Name : Susilawati
NIM : 181230073
Class : TBI 6B
1. Yes, a brain have important role in a language process because the brain will covered:
– A brief survey of brain structure.
– Some types of language disturbance that result
from brain damage.
– The autonomy of language faculty. It operate in language system by the left hemisphere. This process on lateralization: any cognitive function that is localized primarily in one side of the brain.
2. The advantages of pschyolinguistics study for foreign language teaching are :
- to understanding capacity each the learners as far as they producting the language
- psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of four skills (reading, listening, speaking, and writing).
- Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Someone have aphasia is usually cause of a stroke or a head injury. Aphasia has different with dyslexias
aphasia is (pathology) a partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including broca's area and wernike's area, causes aphasia.
while dyslexial is a learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write.
4. The bilingulism in my opinion is an ability to speak two languages for communication well.
Yes the culture impact on it bescuase language and culture are transferred through socialization and habit. So I think the culture impact on billingualism.
5. The relation between the development of syntax and the development of semantics is likely to be a complex one. Children probably learn syntactic categories through a distributional analysis of the language, and connectionist modelling has been very useful in understanding how this occurs.
Semantic development sees much interplay between lexical and syntactic factors. Quite often contextual cues are strong enough for the child to get the gist of an utterance without perhaps being able to understand the details. Even when a child starts producing a word or structure, it might not be used in the same way as an adult would use it.
Children have to learn appropriate contrasts between words, but they must not learn inappropriate or too many contrasts. As this is just the sort of domain where the learning of regularities and the relation between many complex inputs and outputs is important, we might expect connectionism to make a useful contribution here.
So of course they influenced by the people's age.
Name : Susilawati
DeleteNIM : 181230073
Class : TBI 6B
The Answer
1. Yes, a brain have important role in a language process because the brain will covered:
– A brief survey of brain structure.
– Some types of language disturbance that result
from brain damage.
– The autonomy of language faculty. It operate in language system by the left hemisphere. This process on lateralization: any cognitive function that is localized primarily in one side of the brain.
2. The advantages of pschyolinguistics study for foreign language teaching are :
- to understanding capacity each the learners as far as they producting the language
- psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of four skills (reading, listening, speaking, and writing).
- Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Someone have aphasia is usually cause of a stroke or a head injury. Aphasia has different with dyslexias
aphasia is (pathology) a partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including broca's area and wernike's area, causes aphasia.
while dyslexial is a learning disability in which a person finds it difficult to read and write.
4. The bilingulism in my opinion is an ability to speak two languages for communication well.
Yes the culture impact on it bescuase language and culture are transferred through socialization and habit. So I think the culture impact on billingualism.
5. The relation between the development of syntax and the development of semantics is likely to be a complex one. Children probably learn syntactic categories through a distributional analysis of the language, and connectionist modelling has been very useful in understanding how this occurs.
Semantic development sees much interplay between lexical and syntactic factors. Quite often contextual cues are strong enough for the child to get the gist of an utterance without perhaps being able to understand the details. Even when a child starts producing a word or structure, it might not be used in the same way as an adult would use it.
Children have to learn appropriate contrasts between words, but they must not learn inappropriate or too many contrasts. As this is just the sort of domain where the learning of regularities and the relation between many complex inputs and outputs is important, we might expect connectionism to make a useful contribution here.
So of course they influenced by the people's age.
NAME : MUHLIS
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230186
CLASS : TBI-6E
1. Yes, along with the times, various changes have been passed by mankind since thousands of years ago. After passing through various civilizations, humans can finally communicate with each other thanks to language. Language is defined as a system that combines elements that have no meaning, such as sounds or gestures, to form meaningful utterances. Language has various forms, such as spoken language, written language, sign language, programming language, etc. This proves that the existence of language is an important and complex thing to study in various aspects of life.
Humans begin to learn and acquire language from infancy by listening to or imitating their parents. This ability is called the Language Acqusition Device proposed by Noam Chomsky. Based on this theory, Chomsky argues that it is easier for children to learn a new language compared to adults. Is this true? How does the brain work in a bilingual? On this occasion, I will discuss these things which are expected to provide new insights for readers.
2. Psycholinguistics is the study of the relationship between our needs for expression and communication and objects offered to us through the language we learn from childhood and its later stages. Based on the opinions of experts above, it can be concluded that Psycholinguistics is a science that study language behavior, both visible and invisible behavior. in the form of perception, language production, and language acquisition. Behavior that appears in language is human behavior when speaking and writing or when he produces language, while invisible behavior is human behavior when understanding what is being listened to or read so that it becomes something he owns or processes something he will say or write.
3. Aphasia is a language disorder, which affects speech production or understanding and the ability to read or write. Aphasia can be caused by a stroke or injury to the head. While dyslexia is a neurological disorder in the part of the brain that processes language, and can be found in children or adults. both have similarities but dyslexia can be caused by heredity.
4. Bilingualism is defined as the use of two languages. The background that encourages bilingualism is due to language contact in the brain. Language contact occurs due to population movement for reasons of education, politics, economy, religion, and natural disasters, resulting in contact with other speakers' languages. Role and position Indonesian in the middle diversity and diversity of cultures and languages in Indonesia is increasing. Indonesian language dignification and preservation of local languages as well as foreign language development as done by the Center Language, Indonesian increasingly gain legitimacy in the eyes of the community.
5. Yes, Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax. syntactic development and semantic development proportionally increases with age, which is common at the given stage.
Deliana Yuniar
ReplyDelete181230025
TBI 6A
No. 1 The results of this study of brain damage sufferers led to the conclusion that the left hemisphere of the brain is involved in relation to language.
Krashen, in (cahyono, 1995: 259) mentions five reasons for this conclusion.
1. loss of language skills due to left hemisphere damage.
2. When the left hemisphere of the brain is dysanastesia, language skills are lost, however when
right hemisphere anesthetic ability is not lost.
3. when competing in receiving language input simultaneously through the test
listening to the dicot, the right ear is superior
4. when the language material is presented through the right and left vision of the meal
right vision is more precise and fast in capturing material
5. at the time of carrying out language activities, either openly or closed, hemispheres
the left brain exhibits greater electrical activity
No . 2 Psycholinguistics in language teaching is very important, because psychologically the teacher must pay attention to the inner mood or mood of the students when learning language and language. In its implementation, teachers must be able to nurture, love, and not be a killer in class. Conversely, teachers must be able to provide encouragement and foster motivation, create conditions for language learning that are enjoyable, interesting, and fun for students.
No 3. Apathy comes from the Greek language, namely aphates which literally means without feeling. Sometimes, someone will show apathy when they are demotivated or uninterested. However, it can also be a symptom of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Apathy is a condition in which a person is indifferent, indifferent, and unresponsive to the emotional, physical, and social aspects of life. In other words, he tends not to want to involve himself in anything
No. 4 in my opinion Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well, regarding the use of two languages such as regional and national languages in communicating to get a clear picture of certain information,yes because it uses languages such as regional and national languages in communicating
No. 5 The relation between the development of syntax and the development of semantics is likely to be a complex one. Children probably learn syntactic categories through a distributional analysis of the language, and connectionist modeling has been very useful in understanding how this occurs. Semantic development sees much interplay between lexical and syntactic factors. Quite often contextual cues are strong enough for the child to get the gist of an utterance without perhaps being able to understand the details. Even when a child starts producing a word or structure, it might not be used in the same way as an adult would use. Children have to learn appropriate contrasts between words, but they must not learn inappropriate or too many contrasts. As this is just the sort of domain where the learning of regularities and the relation between many complex inputs and outputs is important, we might expect connectionism to make a useful contribution here. So of course they influenced by the people's age.
Khaerul Fajri
ReplyDelete181230103
TBI 6 C
1. There would be no language if the brain did not exist. A few areas of the human brain are dedicated to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, the ability to speak or understand can be lost, resulting in a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must work together for a person to develop, use, and comprehend language.
2. Psycholinguistics, in general, helps in comprehending the intrinsic and extrinsic difficulties that certain four abilities present. Psycholinguistics can also be used to understand why students make mistakes while studying a language. In fact, psycholinguistics distinguishes certain types of brain disorders that impair language learning capacity, such as agraphia and aphasia, which must be treated as soon as possible.
3. Aphasia is a disorder that causes you to lose the ability to speak. It can have an effect on your ability to speak, write, and understand both verbal and written language. Aphasia usually occurs as a result of a stroke or a head injury. However, it may also develop progressively as a result of a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes permanent damage (degenerative). The degree of aphasia is determined by a number of factors. The severity of aphasia is determined by a variety of factors, including the cause and extent of brain damage.
Dyslexia is a learning disorder in which a person struggles to read and write, while aphasia is a partial or complete lack of language skills caused by brain injury. Aphasia is commonly caused by damage to the left perisylvian zone, which includes Broca's area and Wernike's area.
4. Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively. Since language and culture are so tightly connected, I was curious about how a bilingual person creates their cultural identity.
5. Of course, there are stages of learning a special language that adheres to the rationalism principle because syntax is closely related to semantics and vice versa, and yes, it is true that it is affected by society's age; the older the society, the more vocabulary is learned in talking. and experienced.
Anggi Maulidya/181230081/6C
ReplyDelete1. Yes of course, in processing speech, both the right and left halves communicate with each other. The right side is responsible for the intonation and inflection of the language, while the more analytical aspects of the language are handled by the left side. Communication between the two brain halves is primarily conducted through the commissure that connects the two halves".
2. Advantages study psycholinguistic.
a. Knowing better to achieve language acquisition.
b. Developing and improving some task for students based on language acquisition.
c. Giving the right input and output tobe succesful in learning english.
3. Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to speak, write n understand language bot verbal and written. Aphasia can occur suddenly after a person ecperiences a stroke or head injury.
Aphasia is different from dyalexia. Dyalexia is a developmental disorder that affect the formation and content of the conversation and the understanding of the conversation.
4. Bilingulism is the phenomenon of speaking and understanding more language. Cukture affects a person that can speak two language comunities, the result will be language contact.
5. Syntactic development relate to semantic development example by the time children begin school, they are able to use language in many different way to convey a variety of messages.
M. Erlan supiyani 181230080 TBI 6C
ReplyDelete1.Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2. 1. Boosts Brain Power
A foreign language is a whole new intricate system of rules, structures, and lexis. Learning a new language means your brain has to cope with complexity as it makes sense of and absorbs new patterns. As our brains work out the meaning, endeavoring to communicate, we develop key learning skills such as cognitive thinking and problem-solving. Highly developed critical thinking skills are a significant benefit both personally and professionally.
2. Improves Memory
Use it or lose it. How many times have you heard that phrase? It is a simple fact – the more the brain is used, the better its functions work. A new language requires not only familiarity with vocabulary and rules, but also being able to recall and apply this knowledge. Learning a language gives your memory a good work out in the brain gym. This means that multilingual people have brains that are more exercised and quick to recall names, directions, facts, and figures.
3. It is the loss or impairment of the use andJor understanding of language due to some type of brain injury or dysfunction. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia; when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia; and when it affects writing it is called agraphia.
4. language is also used to transmit values, laws, and cultural norms, including taboos. Language, since it expresses and reinforces culture, influences the personal identity of those living within the culture and creates boundaries of behavior. Those boundaries can include censorship.
5. Semantics is the one that can explam everything and give meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning(s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose(s), the end(s), that holds both semantics and syntax.
Name : Miftah Nur Falah
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230161
Class : TBI 6E
1. Of course, it does. The brain is separated into particular anatomical resources that are directly dependable for particular cognitive functions. Left side of the equator is predominant for language, cadenced recognition, temporal-order judgments, and numerical considering aptitudes Right half of the globe does way better in pattern-matching assignments, recognizing faces, and spatial orientation. Language preparing refers to the way people utilize words to communicate thoughts and sentiments, and how such communications are handled and caught on. Language handling is considered to be an extraordinarily human capacity that's not created with the same grammatical understanding or systematicity in indeed human's closest primate relatives.
2. The advantages of psycholinguistic studies for foreign language teaching ar;
1) Psycholinguistics helps to understand the difficulties of these four skills both intrinsic difficulties and extrinsic difficulties.
2) Psycholinguistics also helps to explain the errors students do in the language learning.
3. Aphasia is any language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma. Or an inability to speak. It is the failure or impairment of language use and comprehension as a result of a brain injury or dysfunction. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages well. Culture certainly really influences. Because, if he is already able to speak two languages but the environment / culture is not supportive, it could be that one of the languages is lost because it is often not used (becomes not fluent)
5. Syntax, semantics, and pragmatic can be associated, al1 proportions and respect taken into account, to any triadic concept that begins with the religious trinity: the father, the son and the spirit. Linguistics is the trinity as a whole where the father is semantics, the son is syntax and the spirit is pragmatics. Semantics is the one that can explain everything and give the meaning; syntax conceived as structures, grammar, lexicon, sounds, intonation, is the means to understand and explain the meaning (s); and pragmatics, which makes semantics and syntax make sense, is the purpose (s), the end (s), that holds both semantics and syntax.
Name : Esti Rahayu Pratiwi
ReplyDeleteNIM : 181230040
Class : TBI-6B
Subject : Psycholinguistics
1. Yes, it does because language and the brain are intricately related and in order to gain a deeper understanding of Psycholinguistics we must examine this relationship. In order to understand the nature and dynamics of language we must understand how it relates to the brain. Language is a function of the structure of the human brain and several brain regions have been identified with linguistic capabilities. Without the brain, there would be no language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
Several areas of the brain must function together in order for a person to develop, utilize and understand language. Let’s take a look.
1) Broca’s area: Located in the frontal lobe of the brain, is linked to speech production, and recent studies have shown it to also play a significant role in language comprehension. Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words.
2) Wernicke’s area: Located in the cerebral cortex, this is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language. Damage to this area results in speech that is unable to be understood by others.
3) Primary auditory cortex: Located in the temporal lobe and connected to the auditory system, this area is organized so that it responds to neighboring frequencies in the other cells of the cortex. It is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
4) Angular gyrus: Located in the parietal lobe of the brain, this area is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2. Some benefits of psycholinguistics theories in language learning and teaching as explained by Demirezen (2004).
Delete1) Psycholinguistics Approach and Listening Skill
Psycholinguistics researchers have indicated that in teaching listening, the intrinsic and extrinsic difficulties should be overcome in order to reach to a highly qualified listening activity. Intrinsic difficulty refers to the speed of the speech, number of unknown words, and prior knowledge about topic. Extrinsic difficulty refers to students’ interest, motivation, purpose of listening activity, and noise in the environment. Psycholinguistics knowledge will help teacher to reduce the intrinsic and extrinsic difficulties. Teacher can prepare a listening text with topic that is familiar for students, consisting of 100 words, and including 10 new vocabulary items. Teacher also minds about the reading speed and the noise of environment. Moreover, teacher can increase students’ interest and motivation by designing an interesting and comfortable class.
2) Psycholinguistics Approach and Reading Skill
Psycholinguistics approach resorts to text-based approach as a case of bottom-up processing so as to emphasize the comprehension activity and top-dawn processing to stress the fact that comprehension rests primarily on students’ knowledge base. Bottom-up processing happens when someone tries to understand language by looking at individual meanings or grammatical characteristics of the most basic units of the text and moves from these to trying to understand the whole text. Top-down processing of language happens when someone uses background information to predict the meaning of language they are going to read to. Rather than relying first on the actual words, they develop expectations about what they will read, and confirm or reject these as they read. This theory emphasizes that the understanding the meaning of a text essentially rests on the prior knowledge of students. Psycholinguistics helps learners to reduce the intrinsic difficulties in reading activity by arousing the interest of the students onto the reading text. Teachers need to provide authentic and contextual reading material because if students are not properly exposed to authentic materials they may fail in seeing their relevance to the real world.
3) Psycholinguistics Approach and Writing Skill
Psycholinguistics helps in understanding the students’ mistakes in writing. It has a clear contribution on spelling mistakes since in English words are not spelled as they sound. There is a hardship on this case because storing of the spelling of words and retrieve them on demand is very difficult. Psycholinguistics approach indicates that there are mistakes in writing caused by agraphia, which must be treated properly. Psycholinguistics helps to find interesting topic to write. It serves to decrease the level of the difficulties in writing. It helps to specify the writing levels and writing types. It pins down the mechanic mistakes on punctuation and suggests certain cures for them.
4) Psycholinguistics Approach and Speaking Skill
Psycholinguistic approach has a workable control over the field of teaching speaking as a skill. It has specified several difficulties on speaking such as students’ oriented difficulty. Psycholinguistics also explains that personality, like introvert and extrovert students, affects students’ performance in language learning. Speaking defects like voice disorders, stuttering, and disarticulation are also psychological in origin caused by personality factor. There are also some traumatic disorders such as aphasia and autism caused by localized in damage. It is recommend therapies and counseling practices for such difficulties. Thus, the investigations of psycholinguistic approach have provided solutions for almost each type of language learning difficulty.With the knowledge, teachers can apply the appropriate techniques to teach speaking skills by considering the condition of the learner and find interesting topics to be discussed in speaking class.
Aphasia is a disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. For most people, these areas are on the left side of the brain. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly, often following a stroke or head injury, but it may also develop slowly, as the result of a brain tumor or a progressive neurological disease. The disorder impairs the expression and understanding of language as well as reading and writing. Aphasia may co-occur with speech disorders, such as dysarthria or apraxia of speech, which also result from brain damage. Aphasia is caused by damage to one or more of the language areas of the brain. Most often, the cause of the brain injury is a stroke. A stroke occurs when a blood clot or a leaking or burst vessel cuts off blood flow to part of the brain. Brain cells die when they do not receive their normal supply of blood, which carries oxygen and important nutrients. Other causes of brain injury are severe blows to the head, brain tumors, gunshot wounds, brain infections, and progressive neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
DeleteBoth aphasia and dyslexia are examples of learning disorders. Dyslexia is a condition of learning disabilities in a person caused by difficulties in reading and writing activities. Dyslexia is often referred to as "word blindness" (blindness of words) because it seems as if he does not know the words he is reading. This disorder includes a wide variety of varying degrees of severity, from the mildest to the most severe. The essence of dyslexia lies in the confusion and difficulties that serve as long as it is as if a person does not recognize the sound, meaning, or spelling of the word he sees (Ramma, S., 1993).
Meanwhile, aphasia occurs when a person cannot speak properly and it should be triggered by brain damage. Aphasia. This term is used to describe a person's language skills due to a disturbance in the central nervous system. This disorder can be caused by injury to the brain that occurs due to an accident, hard impact, or stroke. This disorder is multi-faceted dimensions, so that the ability to use or master symbols seems to have disappeared. The severity of the disability that results from the location of the injury or injury, age and health condition when the injury is caused. This disorder is related to the ability to read. This disorder occurs because of the normal malfunction associated with reading assistance.
4. Bilingualism is the ability to understand and/or use two or more languages. The term therefore encompasses ‘multilingualism’, which is the knowledge and/or use of several languages. The languages in question may be:
Delete• Spoken languages
• Sign languages
• A combination (Lillo-Martin et al, 2014)
However, ‘as language is a dynamic, complex social tool developed over extended time periods’ (Kohnert, 2013, p. 17), bilingualism does not have a straightforward definition. Bilingualism is particularly prevalent in places where cross-language contact occurs, such as areas with multiple official languages, indigenous languages, or where immigrants settle, pointing to the geographic heterogeneity of bilingualism.
Yes, it does. According to Dr. Katherine Kinzler’s research, at Cornell University, tested monolingual and bilingual children on a task which required them to consider someone else’s perspective to understand her meaning. Children in bilingual environments perform better than monolingual children. As Dr. Kinzler explains, “children in multilingual environments have social experiences that provide routine practice in considering the perspectives of others: they have to think about who speaks which language to whom, who understands which content, and the times and places in which different languages are spoken.
Language and culture are so intertwined that learning a foreign language both builds cultural understanding and provides deep insights into how other people see the world. Linguistic relativists argue the way we see the world is shaped by the language we use. Research has even shown that the same person may have different responses to questions depending on the language the question is asked in.
5. The effect of two different kinds of language structure, syntactic structure and semantic structure, on the development of children's ability to process verbal information was investigated. As Weener (1971) noted, structure in language refers to the patterned regularities among the elements of a language. The presumption is that increasing knowledge of syntax (rules for ordering words within sentences) and increasing knowledge of semantics (knowledge of word meanings and privileges of occurrence) will be reflected in improved ability to process sentences with varying amounts of syntactic and semantic content.
DeleteTo date, most studies of children's language development have concentrated on acquisition of syntax and phonology in the first 5 years of life. The present study relates to children's semantic and syntactic development at a later period, namely, over the ages from 5 to 8 years. Since a child's knowledge of word meanings and of privileges of occurrence of words may be related to his language environment, this study focuses on children from different social and racial groups.
The few studies of syntactic development after age 5 have suggested that environmental effects on syntactic development are negligible (e.g., Menyuk, 1971). Evidence concerning environmental effects on semantic development over the early school years is indirect and comes from two sources, word associations and vocabulary tests. The amount of data from both sources, however, is small so that generalizations about racial and social class differences in semantic development have not been possible. Although social class and racial differences in children's use of language are often studied, these differences are rarely studied in a developmental context.
In the present study a verbal recall task was used to assess the relation between children's racial and social class backgrounds and their syntactic or semantic development. The task involved recall of verbal materials with varying syntactic and semantic content and was adapted from one first used with adults by Miller and Isard (1963). McNeill (1965) modified the method to carry out a small-scale study of 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8- year-old children. The children heard 15 sentences partially masked by white background noise and were asked to repeat each sentence immediately after hearing it. The types of sentences used were designated meaningful, semantically anomalous, and random. The meaningful sentences were grammatical English sentences which shared the same phrase structure, for example, "Old horses eat yellow hay." By exchanging syntactic equivalents among the meaningful sentences, sentences with adequate syntax, but with the semantic constraints of English violated, were constructed. These form the anomalous sentences, for example, "Old oceans have juicy buffaloes." Random strings were made by scrambling the syntax of the meaningful sentences and then exchanging syntactic equivalents among them, for example, "Spear farms rocks fast old."
McNeill's procedure offers a way to measure the extent to which syntactic and semantic content in a sentence facilitate recall. In order for a child to make use of this content to facilitate recall, he must have some knowledge of both the structural possibilities of English and the acceptable word combinations. Without such knowledge there would be no basis for the child to remember syntactically and semantically consistent sentences more easily than random lists of words. Therefore, increasing knowledge of syntactic and semantic constraints of English can be evaluated by examining the recall of meaningful, anomalous, and random sentences by children at different age levels and from different social and racial groups.
Name : Agits Fikri Mumtazi
ReplyDeleteNim : 181230195
Class : TBI_6E
1. Yes, a brain have an important role in a language process. This cortical function, among others, consists of the contents of the human mind, memory, emotions, perception, organization of movement and action, as well as function speak (language). And the Brain is the largest library ever. The brain provides the tools for uniquely human activities. Language is the highest activity of the human brain that is not owned by any creature. Language allows humans to formulate his mental experience. What did he perceive with his senses, that is processed by the brain, which is experienced by his later life experiences expressed through language. The human brain has a few areas that are specific to language processing and production. These areas must function together in order for a person to develop, use, and understand language.
2.The advantages are :
- By studying psycholinguistics the teacher can find out the character of students and it will be easier to approach the teaching and learning process, because by understanding psycholinguistics a teacher understands the processes that occur in students when students listen, speak, read, or write so that when the ability in language skills is problematic, The teacher can view it from a psychological perspective as an alternative. the solution.
- With psycholinguistic understanding, teachers also have a way to increase student motivation and interest in learning, so that students can reduce anxiety in the language learning process.
- help solve complex human problems in learning a foreign language, because in addition to dealing with language problems it is also related to understanding the characteristics of students.
3. A person can experience aphasia because there is a disturbance in the part of the brain that regulates language and speech skills, namely the left side of the brain. Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the brain, trauma to the brain, tumors in the brain, and other brain disorders that worsen over time. This disorder can affect the ability to speak and write, as well as the ability to understand words when reading or listening. Generally, people with aphasia will make the mistake of choosing and arranging words into a correct sentence.
- Aphasia and dyslexia are different. Dyslexia is a developmental disorder in children where the child has difficulty reading, writing, or spelling. People with dyslexia will have difficulty identifying spoken words and turning them into letters or sentences. Meanwhile, aphasia is a language disorder that affects the formation of the content of the conversation and the understanding of the conversation.
4. bilingualism is the use of two language skills by a speaker, and in my opinion it is good because being able to speak a language other than the mother tongue, when someone who lives in a different language, culture becomes the most influential factor in language practice or the use of language affects the language itself, even though we master 2 languages at the same time, we still have to maintain our native language so that our culture remains. So, that culture can have an impact on language and someone may lose their original person because they are influenced by the new culture they live. And we can also uphold our own culture if we keep the cultural language it self.
5. Syntactic development relate to semantic development, So the Rules for combining words in phrases and sentences. Analyze sentences and phrases, or how people use words in the correct order to communicate efficiently, to learn how constructing interrogative sentences, commands, news, etc. Semantics is the study of how words are generally understood. It's all about vocabulary and what it means in the real world. Children develop syntactically and semantically when they begin to speak. On the other hand, adults who are learning a foreign language will experience this. So children or adults will definitely experience something like this.
Name: Ikhwan Shafwan Prianggono
ReplyDeleteNIM: 181230135
Class: TBI 5D
Answer
1. Yes, it does. There would be no language without the brain. A few areas of the human brain are dedicated to language processing and development. The areas of the brain necessary for processing language: Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, the primary motor cortex, the posterior middle temporal gyrus, and the middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus.
-Broca’s area works in conjunction with working memory to allow a person to use verbal expression and spoken words.
-Wernicke’s area, is the part of the brain involved in understanding written and spoken language.
-The primary auditory cortex, it is responsible for identifying pitch and loudness of sounds.
-The angular gyrus, is responsible for several language processes, including number processing, spatial recognition and attention.
2. Advantages: 1) Developing and improving some task for student based on student language acquisition.
2) Giving some stimulates in language learning that are different one student to another.
3) Creating the good environment that supports in language learning for student during teaching.
3. Aphasia is any language disorder due to brain damage caused by disease of trauma. Or an inability to speak. It is the failure or impairment of language use and comprehension as a result of a brain injury or dysfunction. When it affects spoken language it is medically described as aphasia, when it affects reading it is called alexia or dyslexia.
4. In my opinion Bilingualism is good because if someone is categorized as bilingualism it means they have the ability to speak two languages.
Does culture impact on it? Sure, it does an impact, it because Bilinguals come from diverse environments influenced by various factors that include family and cultural values.
5. Syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Syntactic development is measured using MLU, or mean length of utterance, which is basically the average length of a child's sentence; And Semantic development is acquisition of words, their meanings and the links between them. Are they influenced by
the people’s ages? Yes, they influenced by ages, as the syntactic development and semantic development will increases as a child gets older.