Wednesday, 29 September 2021

SESSION 4: SYLLABUS DESIGN

 This topic includes the definition of syllabus, the history and the elements how to design a syllabus. The discussion of this topic will guide you to more briefly steps in creating a syllabus. The process of syllabus design can not be separated with the changes of language research and views of experts in language use itself. To comprehend this topic, you could read this PPT. Please give your analysis to the syllabus design process, which one of syllabus types is more appropriate for recent condition?. Put your ideas in my comment column.

40 comments:

  1. RISDA AMALIA PUTRI
    191230140
    TBI 5E

    Functional-Notional Syllabus is more appropriate to this recent condition.

    Notion is a concept or an idea in which people can communicate time, distance, size, cause, emotion, quantity.It has some function that will be beneficial, those are interrupting, changing a topic, giving information, introducing someone, greeting people, apologising
    The focus of this syllabus is students and their communicative purposes are at the very core of teaching program.
    Here are some Advantages:
    Useful for ESP classes
    Develop learners commucinactive competence
    Students are not passive listeners but active participants (role-play)

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  2. Indah Ainun Salsabila
    191230138
    TBI 5D

    The syllabus design process includes several things that are prepared for learning such as competency standards, basic competencies, learning materials, indicators, time allocation and learning resources developed by each educational unit.
    In my opinion,analytics syllabus is suitable for use at this time because most foreign language learners have a learning goal to more easily communicate with foreigners and the foreign language used.

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  3. Iim Khoirunnisa
    191230130
    TBI 5D

    Grammatical Syllabus-

    The grammar syllabus is based on the structure of the language. Can be with other types of syllabus based on assignments, vocabulary, functions or topics. Students learn grammatical structures in an order that reflects their complexity, rather than their use in communication, leading to many artificial contexts for practice, and possibly an inability to translate learning into real communication. Organizing learning around a grammar syllabus has been criticized for this, but it is still the most common type of syllabus in published material, especially since it is the easiest type of syllabus to sequence.
    Example
    A grammar syllabus can start with the present simple, then the present continuous, then the past simple, and so on. Learners are usually not exposed to more difficult structures than they are learning. In the classroom the teacher may find it useful to integrate the grammar syllabus with other elements. For example, it may be appropriate to teach verb timing explicitly but structures such as the use of 'will' in requests and suggestions in functional frameworks instead.

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  4. Name:Marhany
    Class:TBI 5D
    Nim:191230129

    Student Factors Affecting Syllabus Choice and Design
    Facts about students also affect what instructional content can be used in an instructional program.The major concerns here are the goals of the students,their experience,expectations,and prior knowledge,their social and personality types,and the number of students in a given class.Ideally,the goals the students themselves have for language study will match the goals of the program.When this is so,the question of goals is easy to settle.Sometimes,however,programs and students have different goals.For example,one instructional program was designed to teach the English of the broadcasting profession at a vocational school.The program administrators assumed that the student language learning goals were tied to the professional training they were receiving.Many students,however,were more interested in attaining general English proficiency to pre-pare them for even better positions than they were being trained for. One way to meet both sets of goals would be to increase the amount of general functional, situational, and skill content provided along with the specialized skill and structural content that was being taught.
    The notional/functional syllabus is the best known of contemporary language teaching syllabus types.cause of its broad scope, its confusion with instructional method,and its own lack of definition,notional/functionalism is difficult to describe clearly. A narrow perspective is taken here, viewing the notional/functional movement only in terms of a means for defining instructional content.In this sense,notional/functional syllabi have much in common with structural syllabi in that both are subject to a variety of interpretations and can be associated with a variety of methodologies.

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  5. Nurmala Hayati
    191230145
    TBI 5E

    Critizing functionalcnational syllabus, because a functional-notional syllabus is primarily based not on a linguistic analysis but on an analysis of learners’ social and/or vocational communicative needs. This approach holds that the classification of skill levels should be based on what people want to do with the language (functions) or in terms of what meanings people want to convey (notions). As such, this approach is based on the following concepts:

    (1) Communication is meaningful behavior in a social and cultural context that requires creative language use rather than synthetic sentence building

    (2) language is constructed around language functions and notions; functions such as evaluating, persuading, arguing, informing, agreeing, questioning, requesting, expressing emotions and semantic-grammatical notions such as time, quantity, space, location, and motion. The aim of this approach was to transfer these functions to acts of communication.

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  6. Nama : Anissa Siti Nurhalisa
    NIM : 191230110
    Class : TBI 5D
    Curriculum is very general concept involving consideration of the whole complex of philosphical, social and administrative factors which contributr to the planning of an educational program. But syllabus refers to the subpart of curriculum which is concerned with a specification of what units will be taught (as distrinct from how they will be taught, which is a matter for methodology). (Allen 1984: 61)
    In my opinion, that the syllabus is really useful for learning in the classroom. The understanding of the syllabus according to Allen is very in line with current learning. Because current learning requires a syllabus before starting learning so that classroom learning is more organized and more conceptual from beginning to end. And so that the teacher understands the material that will be delivered to students. And according to Allen, the syllabus does not only teach material but also teaches philosophical, social and administrative factors for educational planning.

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  7. Name: Irma Eka Pratiwi
    ID Number: 191230106
    Class: TBI 5D

    An analys of syllabus types which suitable in this current situation:
    The introduction of digital technology does not lead to expected efficiency because of its emphasis, especially in technology and connectivity to a gap in digital teacher skills / students, lack of clarity related to learning objectives (Student Assessment tahun 2012, OECD (2016). Than in digital era Exploiting the free technology empowering services with which Google supplies the
    educational field for teaching English as a second/ foreign language. Many teachers have succeeded in changing their classrooms into web-based environments. Therefore the teacher means understanding the nature of student needs.

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  8. Linda Muflihah
    191230107
    TBI-5D

    For now, I think the right syllabus to use in learning is the Notional Functional Syllabus, because this syllabus discusses the content of language arranged according to the meaning that the learner needs to express through language and the functions that the learner will use for the target language. syllabus This is a product-oriented content-based syllabus where "meaning" is permanent. It views language as a living, dynamic, complex phenomenon and depends on the learner's capacity to analyze language for himself.

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  9. Name : Intira Maharani
    NIM : 191230121
    Class : TBI 5D
    In my opinion, the most suitable syllabus for the current situation is the Function/Notion syllabus. Function Notion syllabus is a kind of communicative syllabus which organize units with the foundation of some functions such as asking question, expressing opinions, expressing wishes, making suggestions, complaining, and apologizing rather than including units instructing noun gender or present tense ending. The selection and assessment of items for the notional-functional syllabus depends on considerations such as the needs of learners, both in terms of classroom functioning and in the "real world", usefulness, scope, interest or relevance and complexity of form. During this pandemic, teachers must also be able to choose good materials/methods so that students can understand learning well and teachers must also choose an assessment method that is suitable for this period. This syllabus requires students to be actively involved in learning. This is of course very suitable to be done during a pandemic where students and teachers cannot meet directly, students must be able to practice learning independently, the teacher will only be a facilitator.

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  10. Name : Novi Puji Lestari
    NIM : 191230144
    Class : 5E TBI

    In my own opinion, the most appropriate syllabus for recent condition is situational syllabus. This one is the syllabus which in engaged the student for adjust their own self with the real situation. It can build the habit about the real situation that they will be faced later. Then, The primary purpose of situational language
    teaching syllabus is to teach the language that occurs in many situations in the real life. Therefore, even though the students have to study in online learning system, however they can feel and imagine the real condition of using language.

    Examples of situations
    include: seeing then dentist, complaining to the landlord, buying a book at the bookstore, meeting a new student, asking directions in a new town, and so on.

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  11. iin anis setiawati
    TBI 5E
    191230150

    In my opinion, functional notional syllabus is more suittable for recent condition

    Notions or categories meaning usually characterized by interaction between categories of meaning and gramatical forms in most languages : time, duration, quantity, place etc.

    Functional or the uses to which language forms are put are communicative purpose of language. Example are agreement, greeting, approval, prediction, directions, requesting and so on.

    functional notion syllabus is a set of materials to be learned by students of a second language. While learning to perform communicative activities, students practice language structures that refer to certain situations and ideas (notions). The language structures are organized to express different interactions (functions) that are possible for different effects. These functions might be expressing sympathy, disagreement, or concern. Functional notional is more appropiate in learning teaching because is functional notional called communicative. by teaching the association of form and meaning, communicative ability will be more more likely to result than if form is taught alone.

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  12. Name : Serlin Sarah Maulani
    NIM : 191230160
    Class : TBI 5 E

    In my opinion, the notional-functional syllabus is the most appropriate for the current situation. This is because the notional-functional syllabus is a syllabus in which the content of the language is organized according to the meaning that the learner must express through the language and the functions that the learner will use for the language. This is a product-oriented syllabus, where "meaning" is permanent. considers language as a living and complex phenomenon, which depends on the learner's ability to analyze language on their own. “Function” can be described as the purpose of communication with which we use language. and the advantage of the notional-functional syllabus is that it provides instruction in the everyday use of real-world languages. the act of communication will motivate. set realistic leaning tasks. develop naturally from existing teaching methodologies (eclectic approach)

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  13. Name: Citra Suci Amalia
    Nim: 191230132
    Class: TBI 5D

    In my analysis to the syllabus design proses, analytic syllabus is types more appropriate for recent condition because the analytic syllabus has included all the discussion processes such as tasked-based, procedural, national-functional, content-based and negotiated.
    Analytical syllabus to analyze input and thus will encourage proficiency in grammar and use. the analytical syllabus of language classes or activities includes spoken and written texts, grammar, exercises, and then corrected. Of course it is very suitable because it is modified for L2 students like us.

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  15. Name : Siti Kamilah
    NIM : 191230109
    Class : TBI 5D

    As we know The syllabus is one of the things needed by the parties involved in the academic field, especially for educators and students. In my opinion the most appropriate for the current situation is notional-functional syllabus, in this type of syllabus, it contains the same teaching materials as traditional syllabus but organizes them in different way such as around uses or functions. There are several benefits of the syllabus based on the components contained in it, including helping to direct educators about the targets that must be achieved by students in learning, it can be used as a guide for further learning development, such as the development of an assessment system or others. In addition, the syllabus is also useful for students as a reference for preparing lesson plans, both group and individual learning plans.

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  16. Name : Nuva Avita
    NIM : 191230122
    Class : TBI 5D
    In my opinion, the most syllabus for the current situation is the Function/Notion syllabus.

    Function Notion syllabus is a kind of communicative syllabus which organize units with the foundation of some functions such as asking question, expressing opinions, expressing wishes, making suggestions, complaining, and apologizing rather than including units instructing noun gender or present tense ending.
    The selection and assessment of items for the notional-functional syllabus depends on considerations such as the needs of learners, both in terms of classroom functioning and in the "real world", usefulness, scope, interest or relevance and complexity of form. During this pandemic, teachers must also be able to choose good materials/methods so that students can understand learning well and teachers must also choose an assessment method that is suitable for this period. This syllabus requires students to be actively involved in learning.
    This is of course very suitable to be done during a pandemic where students and teachers cannot meet directly, students must be able to practice learning independently, the teacher will only be a facilitator.

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  17. Name : Ahmad Hapiduddin
    NIM : 191230172
    class : TBI 5E

    In my opinion, the Functional-notional syllabus is more suitable if applied in the current situation, where students are required to be active in learning not only in one direction because in addition to learning to do communicative activities, in this syllabus students are required to practice language structures that refer to certain situations and ideas. The structure of the language is arranged to express different interactions which allow for different effects. These functions express sympathy, disapproval, or concern. this is also related to the curriculum being implemented, namely K13 which emphasizes active and character education.

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  18. Name: Alfiah Dwi Rahayu
    Nim: 191230157
    Class: TBI 5E

    In my opinion, I think the functional-notional syllabus is more appropriate in current condition. Because the functional-notional syllabus emphasizes more on student activities, which during this pandemic learning tends to be the teacher giving material and explaining the material, In functional-notional syllabuses, the input is selected and graded according to the communicative functions (such as requesting, complaining, suggesting , agreeing) that language learners need to perform at the end of the language programme. in tje functional-notional syllabus, it emphasizes that students must be active which is very good for the students themselves and makes online learning more lively.

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  19. Name : Lala Rosdiana
    NIM : 191230163
    Class : TBI 5E

    ---In my opinion, a syllabus that is suitable for the pandemic period is a syllabus that is still effective when used and still provides functions that develop according to circumstances. and the type of syllabus that is suitable for these conditions is the Functional-notional syllabus. because the syllabus provides an approach in which the organization of the material is determined by ideas that are expected to be expressed by the learner through the target language and the action functions that are expected to be achieved by the learner. and this is important for conditions that change according to the times that require functions that are in accordance with the specified target. In addition, the functional-notional syllabus is also a communicative type of syllabus that organizes units on the basis of several functions such as asking questions, expressing opinions, expressing wishes, making suggestions, complaining, and apologizing in learning activities. so that students have a benchmark in every learning activity and it is much more effective and communicative with current conditions.

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  20. Name : Sarniti
    NIM : 191230159
    Class : TBI 5 E

    The syllabus design process is the process of designing a systematic learning and assessment implementation plan that contains components related to achieving mastery of basic competencies that are considered based on several factors, in which we must examine and determine Core competencies, identify learning subject matter, formulate indicators achievement of competence. Etc.

    And I think the type of syllabus that is more appropriate for recent conditions is the national-functional syllabus, because the national-functional syllabus is one of the syllabus whose language learning content is a collection of functions that will be displayed when language is used or a set of meanings/intentions contained. in a sentence that is used to express something.
    The selection of material in this syllabus is adjusted to the meanings needed by students in communicating.
    And the advantages of this syllabus are:
    a. The national-functional syllabus contains information on language use.
    b. The functional-national syllabus sees language as a communication system, not an abstract system of language elements and rules
    c. Language learning will be more effective because this syllabus provides an adequate analysis of what students want.
    So I think this syllabus is suitable for the current conditions.

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  21. Name: Andi Rizki
    NIM: 191230127
    Class: TBI 4D

    In my opinion, the syllabus that is suitable to be used by an English teacher today is the analytical syllabus. An analytical syllabus is a syllabus that is organized using language learning objectives and the type of performance required to meet these goals. The starting point for syllabus design is not the grammatical system of the language but the communicative purpose of the language used.
    The reason is because the analytical syllabus is more oriented towards student analytics. Also seems to use a more persuasive approach to achieve this goal.

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  22. Name: Herlina Wati
    NIM: 191230115
    Class: TBI 4D

    In my opinion, the syllabus that is suitable to be used by an English teacher today is the Functional National Syllabus. Functional Notional Syllabus is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged according to the meanings that a learner needs to express through language and the functions the learner will use the target language for. It is a product-oriented, content based syllabus where “meaning” is permanent.
    And that’s why I choose this Syllable because the notional-functional approach in ESL is a way of structuring a syllabus around "notions," real-life situations in which people communicate, which are further broken down into "functions," specific aims of communication.

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  23. Name: Rifatul Muftiah
    NIM : 191230171
    Class: 5E TBI

    In my opinion, the functional-nation syllabus is most suitable for use in current conditions, where teachers and students cannot meet face-to-face, so that by using this syllabus, children will be actively involved in learning. The content of language teaching in the notional-functional type syllabus is a collection of functions performed when language is used, or the idea that language is used to express. Examples of functions include: giving information, agreeing, apologizing, asking for advice, agreement and so on. examples of understanding include size, age, color, comparison, time, and so on. Seeing language as a communication system, not an abstract system of language elements and rules, language learning will be more effective because this syllabus provides an adequate analysis of what students want.

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  24. Name : Devina Prissyla
    NIM. : 191230135
    Class. : TBI 5 D

    In my opinion, the product-oriented type of syllabus is more in line with current conditions. Because students' knowledge and skills must be honed and must be a reference for teachers in teaching, because at this time in addition to knowledge, skills are needed by every student, especially when they will be used in the world of work later, which must be prepared from those who are currently studying. In this product-oriented type syllabus, the focus is on the knowledge and skills that students must acquire as a result of instruction.

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  25. Name : Tresna febriani
    NIM : 191230170
    Class : TBI 5E

    In my own opinion of syllabus types is more appropriate for recent condition is Funtional- National syllabus, because A notional-functional syllabus is an approach where the organization of the material is determined with notions or ideas that learners expect to be able to express through the target language and the functions acts learners expect to be able to accomplish (Wilkins, 1976). In this type of syllabus, it contains the same teaching materials as traditional syllabus but organizes them in different way such as around uses or functions.

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  26. Name : sarah lidya balqis
    Nim : 191230133
    Class : TBI 5D

    In my opinion, it is a functional-national syllabus.
    Because, this syllabus model affects the selection and sorting of subject matter in the form of grammar and the forms of language used to express. Therefore, this syllabus model is considered relatively easier to apply in learning activities in the classroom. Such as grammar and vocabulary with learning materials in the form of language communicative functions. prove, forgive, argument, command, agree, disagree, conclude and so on.

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  27. Name: Syarifah (191230152)
    Class: TBI 5E


    The syllabus is an integral part of the curriculum. The reference syllabus is on the plan, learning process and language learning outcomes; which is a guide for students and lecturers who provide several goals to be achieved.
    Grammatical syllabuses The most common syllabus type was, and probably still is, one in which syllabus input is selected and graded according to grammatical notions of simplicity and complexity. Later in 3 we shall see that grammatical complexity does not necessarily equate with learning difficulty. In other words, what is grammatically complex will not necessarily be that which is difficult to learn, and that which is grammatically simple will not necessarily be that which is easy to learn.
    According to some of the statements above, the grammatical syllabus type is the most commonly used, so I can conclude that the grammatical syllabus can be used today because it is most often used and several other things that make this type of syllabus easy to apply.

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  28. Name: Agustin Nuraini Bilqis
    NIM: 191230112
    Class: TBI 5-D

    In my opinion, the most suitable type of syllabus for the current situation is the Functional-notional syllabus. Because the functional-notional syllabus is an approach in which the organization of the material is determined by ideas or ideas that are expected to be expressed by the learner through the target language and the functions that are expected to be achieved by the learner. Notional-functional syllabus is a type of communicative syllabus that organizes units on the basis of several functions such as asking, expressing opinions, expressing wishes, making suggestions, complaining, and apologizing rather than including units that instruct gender nouns or present tense. In this type of syllabus, it contains teaching materials that require students to be actively involved in learning. Therefore, this syllabus is very suitable for use during a pandemic like now because students and teachers cannot meet in person, students also have to study independently and the teacher is only a facilitator.

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  29. Alfina Nurhasanah
    191230137
    TBI 5D


    Functional Notional Syllabus is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged according to the meanings that a learner needs to express through language and the functions the learner will use the target language for. It is a product-oriented, content based syllabus where “meaning” is permanent. It views language as a living, dynamic, complex phenomenon and relies on the learner’s capacity for analyzing language for himself. “Functions” may be described as a communicative purpose for which we use language. However, “notions” are the conceptual meanings (objects, entities, states of affairs, logical relationships and so on). A notional syllabus is contrasted with a grammatical syllabus on structural syllabus or a situational syllabus.

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  30. Name: Putri Sadiah
    Nim: 191230158
    Class: TBI 5E

    The syllabus that is suitable for use today is the National-Functional syllabus. Because the functional-national syllabus has an approach to the material that is determined by the ideas that are expected to be expressed by the learner through the target language (EFL) and achieve the expected action functions.

    With ideas, we are required to be more active in communicative, so it is hoped that students will be more active and not be passive students in learning. In addition, the function of ideas is to create topics, change topics, argue or even interrupt other people's opinions, besides that ideas are also to provide information and to exchange ideas.
    So it is very suitable to be used for current conditions considering the curriculum used is the K13 curriculum which requires students to be more active and creative.

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  31. Name : Ade Wirdatus Sholihah
    Class : TBI 5 E
    NIM : 191230149

    I think notional-functional for recent condition.
    A notional-functional syllabus is an approach where the organization of the material is determined with notions or ideas that learners expect to be able to express through the target language and the functions acts learners expect to be able to accomplish (Wilkins, 1976).
    Because in teaching language, the Functional Notional Approach to language helps the teacher to first of all identify the needs of the learner and analyze the needs in order to draw the syllabus. In teaching, the Functional Notional Approach to language helps the teacher to be able to teach the purposes of speech.

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  32. Rina Nurdianti
    191230111
    TBI 5D

    More appropriate for recent conditions in my opinion is the functional-notional syllabus. Since it is a method of language teaching that categorizes together with others under a communicative approach. This approach classifies the level of skill that should be based on what people want to do with language (functions) or in terms of what meaning people want to convey (notions). Therefore, this approach to language learning places a major emphasis on communicative speaking objectives or speaking skills so that the functional-notional approach to language makes it easier for teachers to identify the needs of learners and analyze the need to draw syllabuses, as well as to teach the purposes of speech.

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  34. Name: Yusny Fadilah
    Nim: 191230139
    TBI-5D


    In my opinion, the right one in the current condition is critizing the functional-national syllabus. Notional Functional Syllabus is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged according to the meaning that the learner needs to express through the language and the functions that the learner will use for the target language. Because the notional-functional syllabus is closely related to communicative language teaching and also the material is determined by ideas or ideas that are expected to be expressed by the learner through the target language and the functions that are expected to be achieved by the learner.

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  35. Mohamad Adam Firdaus (191230154)
    TBI 5E

    The functional-nation syllabus, in my opinion, is best suited for usage in present situations, where teachers and students are unable to meet face-to-face, so that children are actively involved in learning. The notional-functional type syllabus's language instruction content is a collection of functions performed when language is employed, or the idea that language is meant to express. Giving information, agreeing, apologizing, asking for advice, and so on are examples of functions. Size, age, color, comparison, time, and other concepts are instances of comprehension. Seeing language as a system of communication rather than a collection of rules and elements

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  37. Eka Malika
    191230131
    TBI-5D

    In my opinion, the appropriate syllabus for recent condition is the Functional-notional syllabus. Where syllabus in which the language content is arranged according to the meanings that a learner needs to express through language and the functions the learner will use the target language for, and it can can be called as a communication instrument to the language can be spoken or used. Quoted from linguists Finacchiaro and Brunfit suggest that functional-notionalism has “tremendous merit” of placing the students and their communicative purpose at the centre of the curriculum. Hence, this syllabus type can be appropriate to recent condition in pandemic era where the learners should be more understand the use and functional of the language in the communication. Student not only know the structure bus they have to know the use of the language of its function.

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  38. Name: talitha zuleika
    SRN 191230161
    Tbi 5E
    I think the correct syllabus at this time is the situational syllabus. Where every student must understand the circumstances and circumstances at this time. And also building good characteristics, and in real life. Online learning is not an issue as long as they keep accepting and absorbing science as it is.

    Example of a situation: buying groceries at the grocery store, paying vegetables to the grocer

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  39. Nurul Aida
    191230128
    TBI-5D

    I think, the syllabus that is suitable for use by English teachers today is the analytical syllabus. An analytical syllabus is a syllabus that is structured using language learning objectives and the type of performance required to meet those objectives. The starting point for designing a syllabus is not the grammatical system of the language, but the communicative purpose of the language used.
    The reason is because the analytic syllabus is more oriented towards student analytics. Also seems to use a more persuasive approach.

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  40. MEGA TIAS NUR AFNIA
    191230125
    TBI 5 D

    Foreign language syllabus reviews current literature on seven syllabus types : Reviewing Competency, Standards and Basic Competencies, Identifying Main/Learning Materials, Developing Learning Activities, Formulating Competency Achievement Indicators, Determining the Type of Assessment, Determine Time Allocation, Determining Learning Resources, The syllabus itself is a learning plan for a particular subject and/or group of subjects or themes which includes Competency Standards, Basic Competencies, subject/learning materials, learning activities, indicators, competency achievement for assessment, time allocation, and learning resources.

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